NAPLEX Review Questions with Correct
Answers 100% Pass
What is the equation for corrected phenytoin? -ANSWER - CP= measured serum
phenytoin/(0.2*albumin)+0.1
What is the principle intracellular cation? -ANSWER - potassium
Principle extracellular is Sodium
How many mL in a teaspoon? -ANSWER - 5 mL
how many mL in a tablespoon -ANSWER - 15 mL
how many mL in a cup? -ANSWER - 240 mL
how many mL in an ounce? -ANSWER - 29.6 mL
how many mL in a pint? -ANSWER - 473 mL
how many mL in a gallon? -ANSWER - 3785 mL
How do we calculate mols or mmols of a substance? -ANSWER - mol= g/MW
mmol= mg/MW
How many mg are in one grain? -ANSWER - 65 mg/grain
How many lbs in a kg? -ANSWER - 2.2lbs/kg
What is the conversion of aminophylline to theophylline? -ANSWER - we multiply the
aminophylline by 0.8 to get the equivalent theophylline
What is the conversion of theophylline to aminophylline? -ANSWER - divide the amount
of theophylline by 0.8 to get the equivalent aminophylline
How do we get the ratio strength from the percent strength? -ANSWER - ratio strength=
100/% strength
How do we get the percent strength from the ratio strength? -ANSWER - % strength=
100/ratio strength
How do we convert PPM to percent strength? -ANSWER - -PPM to % strength, move
decimal left 4 places
,-% strength to PPM, move decimal place right 4 places
specific gravity -ANSWER - SG= grams of substance/mL
mEq -ANSWER - mEq= mg x valence/MW
Which chemicals have 2 valences? -ANSWER - Calcium carbonate
Calcium chloride
Ferrous sulfate
Magnesium sulfate
mOsmol/L -ANSWER - mOsmol/L= [wt of substance (g/L)/MW (g/mole)] x number of
particles x 1000
Equation for anion gap` -ANSWER - Na - (Cl + Bicarbonate)
How much elemental calcium is found in calcium carbonate and calcium citrate? -
ANSWER - 40% in carbonate
20% in citrate
How much elemental Iron is in ferrous fumarate, ferrous sulfate, and ferrous gluconate?
-ANSWER - fumarate: 108 mg
sulfate: 65 mg of 325mg (20%)
gluconate 35 mg
How is absolute neutrophil count calculated? -ANSWER - ANC= WBC x [(%segs +
%bands)/100]
What is the formula to determine a patient's total energy expenditure? -ANSWER -
TEE= BEE x activity factor X stress factor
What is the equation to find pH of a weak acid? -ANSWER - pH = pKa + log(salt/acid)
What is the equation to find pH of a weak base? -ANSWER - pH = (pKw - pKb) +
log(base/salt)
what can we tell about ionization of acids from the pH and the pKa? -ANSWER - pH >
pKa more acid is ionized
pH = pKa ionized and unionized are equal
pH < pKa more acid is unionized
An ionized drug is more soluble but cannot easily cross lipid membranes and vice versa
How are the ABG measurements written out on the exam? -ANSWER -
pH/pCO2/pO2/HCO3/O2
,What are the normal values for pH, HCO3, and pCO2? -ANSWER - pH = 7.35-7.45
HCO3 = 38-42
pCO2 = 22-28
When adding calcium and phosphate to TPN what should be considered? -ANSWER - -
Use calcium gluconate over calcium chloride because it is less reactive and a lower rate
of precipitation.
-Add phosphate first then add calcium at the end of the prep
-when added together don't exceed 45 mEq/L
BMI -ANSWER - weight in kg/height in meter^2
BSA -ANSWER - BSA = SQR [weight(kg) x height (cm)/3600]
How many kcals are in 10%, 20%, and 30% intravenous fat emulsions? How much fat is
needed for TPN? -ANSWER - 10% = 1.1 kcal/mL
20% = 2 kcal/mL
30% = 3 kcal/mL
Fat for TPN = 9 kcal/gram
How many kcals do amino acids and dextrose provide in TPN? -ANSWER - Amino
acids 4 kcal/gram
dextrose 3.4 kcal/gram
what is the pKa? -ANSWER - The pKa is the pH at which half the drug is 50% ionized.
This is half the neutralization or equivalence point. The neutralization or equivalence
point is at a much higher pH and occurs when the acid has been neutralized.
what is the correct calcium equation? -ANSWER - Corrected Ca = [(4.0-albumin) x 0.8]
+ serum calcium
What is the equation for absolute bioavailability? -ANSWER - F= 100 x (AUC
extravascular/AUC intravascular) x (Dose intravascular/Dose extravascular)
What is the equation to find the volume of distribution? -ANSWER - Vd = amount of
drug given/concentration of drug in plasma
What is the equation for clearance? -ANSWER - Cl = rate of elimination/concentration
Cl = F x Dose/AUC
Cl = Dose/AUC (if bioavailability is 1)
what is the equation for the elimination rate constant? -ANSWER - ke =
Clearance/volume of distribution
How do we find the half-life? -ANSWER - t1/2 = 0.693/ke
, How do we define pharmacodynamics vs. pharmacokinetics? -ANSWER -
pharmacodynamics: what the drug does to the body
Pharmacokinetics: what the body does to the drug
Formula to determine patients LDL -ANSWER - LDL = TC - HDL - TG/5
What are glass, wedgwood, and porcelain mortars used for? -ANSWER - Glass- used
for mixing liquids (solutions, suspensions) and oily or staining compounds
Wedgwood- used for grinding dry crystals and hard powders
Porcelain- used to blend powders and pulverize gummy consistencies
What is the Master Formulation Record? -ANSWER - recipe that provides all
ingredients and instructions for preparing a compounded product. includes compound
name, strength, dosage form, all calculations, and everything needed to make the
compound
What is the compounding log? -ANSWER - it's the log book of all products made in the
pharmacy
what is a QA plan? -ANSWER - quality assurance plan that outlines the steps and
actions that ensure the maintenance of proper standards for compounding preparations.
needs to be reviewed and updated regularly.
ADR of compounded products would be recorded where? -ANSWER - In the
pharmacy's compounding record
Comminution -ANSWER - reduction of solid particles to smaller size by crushing or
grinding
AKA-trituration and levigation
trituration -ANSWER - grinding powders into smaller particles with motor and pestle
levigation -ANSWER - trituration with liquid to help grinding process.
give an example of a lubricant for non-sterile dry compounding -ANSWER - magnesium
stearate
What is the purpose of a surfactant in regard to dry compounding? Give an example -
ANSWER - neutralizes a static charge which keeps the powder from floating away
-sodium laurel sulfate
What is a eutectic mixture? -ANSWER - a mixture of two compounds that lowers the
melting point of compound below the melting point of the individual components.
This can cause the powder to become sticky requiring the addition of an absorbent
powder such as magnesium oxide
Answers 100% Pass
What is the equation for corrected phenytoin? -ANSWER - CP= measured serum
phenytoin/(0.2*albumin)+0.1
What is the principle intracellular cation? -ANSWER - potassium
Principle extracellular is Sodium
How many mL in a teaspoon? -ANSWER - 5 mL
how many mL in a tablespoon -ANSWER - 15 mL
how many mL in a cup? -ANSWER - 240 mL
how many mL in an ounce? -ANSWER - 29.6 mL
how many mL in a pint? -ANSWER - 473 mL
how many mL in a gallon? -ANSWER - 3785 mL
How do we calculate mols or mmols of a substance? -ANSWER - mol= g/MW
mmol= mg/MW
How many mg are in one grain? -ANSWER - 65 mg/grain
How many lbs in a kg? -ANSWER - 2.2lbs/kg
What is the conversion of aminophylline to theophylline? -ANSWER - we multiply the
aminophylline by 0.8 to get the equivalent theophylline
What is the conversion of theophylline to aminophylline? -ANSWER - divide the amount
of theophylline by 0.8 to get the equivalent aminophylline
How do we get the ratio strength from the percent strength? -ANSWER - ratio strength=
100/% strength
How do we get the percent strength from the ratio strength? -ANSWER - % strength=
100/ratio strength
How do we convert PPM to percent strength? -ANSWER - -PPM to % strength, move
decimal left 4 places
,-% strength to PPM, move decimal place right 4 places
specific gravity -ANSWER - SG= grams of substance/mL
mEq -ANSWER - mEq= mg x valence/MW
Which chemicals have 2 valences? -ANSWER - Calcium carbonate
Calcium chloride
Ferrous sulfate
Magnesium sulfate
mOsmol/L -ANSWER - mOsmol/L= [wt of substance (g/L)/MW (g/mole)] x number of
particles x 1000
Equation for anion gap` -ANSWER - Na - (Cl + Bicarbonate)
How much elemental calcium is found in calcium carbonate and calcium citrate? -
ANSWER - 40% in carbonate
20% in citrate
How much elemental Iron is in ferrous fumarate, ferrous sulfate, and ferrous gluconate?
-ANSWER - fumarate: 108 mg
sulfate: 65 mg of 325mg (20%)
gluconate 35 mg
How is absolute neutrophil count calculated? -ANSWER - ANC= WBC x [(%segs +
%bands)/100]
What is the formula to determine a patient's total energy expenditure? -ANSWER -
TEE= BEE x activity factor X stress factor
What is the equation to find pH of a weak acid? -ANSWER - pH = pKa + log(salt/acid)
What is the equation to find pH of a weak base? -ANSWER - pH = (pKw - pKb) +
log(base/salt)
what can we tell about ionization of acids from the pH and the pKa? -ANSWER - pH >
pKa more acid is ionized
pH = pKa ionized and unionized are equal
pH < pKa more acid is unionized
An ionized drug is more soluble but cannot easily cross lipid membranes and vice versa
How are the ABG measurements written out on the exam? -ANSWER -
pH/pCO2/pO2/HCO3/O2
,What are the normal values for pH, HCO3, and pCO2? -ANSWER - pH = 7.35-7.45
HCO3 = 38-42
pCO2 = 22-28
When adding calcium and phosphate to TPN what should be considered? -ANSWER - -
Use calcium gluconate over calcium chloride because it is less reactive and a lower rate
of precipitation.
-Add phosphate first then add calcium at the end of the prep
-when added together don't exceed 45 mEq/L
BMI -ANSWER - weight in kg/height in meter^2
BSA -ANSWER - BSA = SQR [weight(kg) x height (cm)/3600]
How many kcals are in 10%, 20%, and 30% intravenous fat emulsions? How much fat is
needed for TPN? -ANSWER - 10% = 1.1 kcal/mL
20% = 2 kcal/mL
30% = 3 kcal/mL
Fat for TPN = 9 kcal/gram
How many kcals do amino acids and dextrose provide in TPN? -ANSWER - Amino
acids 4 kcal/gram
dextrose 3.4 kcal/gram
what is the pKa? -ANSWER - The pKa is the pH at which half the drug is 50% ionized.
This is half the neutralization or equivalence point. The neutralization or equivalence
point is at a much higher pH and occurs when the acid has been neutralized.
what is the correct calcium equation? -ANSWER - Corrected Ca = [(4.0-albumin) x 0.8]
+ serum calcium
What is the equation for absolute bioavailability? -ANSWER - F= 100 x (AUC
extravascular/AUC intravascular) x (Dose intravascular/Dose extravascular)
What is the equation to find the volume of distribution? -ANSWER - Vd = amount of
drug given/concentration of drug in plasma
What is the equation for clearance? -ANSWER - Cl = rate of elimination/concentration
Cl = F x Dose/AUC
Cl = Dose/AUC (if bioavailability is 1)
what is the equation for the elimination rate constant? -ANSWER - ke =
Clearance/volume of distribution
How do we find the half-life? -ANSWER - t1/2 = 0.693/ke
, How do we define pharmacodynamics vs. pharmacokinetics? -ANSWER -
pharmacodynamics: what the drug does to the body
Pharmacokinetics: what the body does to the drug
Formula to determine patients LDL -ANSWER - LDL = TC - HDL - TG/5
What are glass, wedgwood, and porcelain mortars used for? -ANSWER - Glass- used
for mixing liquids (solutions, suspensions) and oily or staining compounds
Wedgwood- used for grinding dry crystals and hard powders
Porcelain- used to blend powders and pulverize gummy consistencies
What is the Master Formulation Record? -ANSWER - recipe that provides all
ingredients and instructions for preparing a compounded product. includes compound
name, strength, dosage form, all calculations, and everything needed to make the
compound
What is the compounding log? -ANSWER - it's the log book of all products made in the
pharmacy
what is a QA plan? -ANSWER - quality assurance plan that outlines the steps and
actions that ensure the maintenance of proper standards for compounding preparations.
needs to be reviewed and updated regularly.
ADR of compounded products would be recorded where? -ANSWER - In the
pharmacy's compounding record
Comminution -ANSWER - reduction of solid particles to smaller size by crushing or
grinding
AKA-trituration and levigation
trituration -ANSWER - grinding powders into smaller particles with motor and pestle
levigation -ANSWER - trituration with liquid to help grinding process.
give an example of a lubricant for non-sterile dry compounding -ANSWER - magnesium
stearate
What is the purpose of a surfactant in regard to dry compounding? Give an example -
ANSWER - neutralizes a static charge which keeps the powder from floating away
-sodium laurel sulfate
What is a eutectic mixture? -ANSWER - a mixture of two compounds that lowers the
melting point of compound below the melting point of the individual components.
This can cause the powder to become sticky requiring the addition of an absorbent
powder such as magnesium oxide
