FSC100 Second Half – Questions & Verified Answers
What is a presumptive match? Right Ans - Belongs to a particular class of
items
What is a positive match? Right Ans - Maps one to one to a particular item
(to the exclusion of all other possibilities)
What is a questioned source? Right Ans - Collected evidence
What is a known source? Right Ans - Comparative sample (control sample)
What is the inferotemporal cortex? Right Ans - Takes visual information
and compares it to stored information
How is information stored to the inferotemporal cortex? Right Ans -
Organized by class characteristics
What is prosopagnosia? Right Ans - Inability to recognize faces
What is something all evidence has? Right Ans - Class characteristics
What type of characteristics have more value in court? Right Ans -
Individual characteristics
What are class characteristics? Right Ans - Properties of evidence that can
be associated only with a group and never with a single source
What are identifying/individual characteristics? Right Ans - Features or
defects that permit matching to a single source with a high degree of
probability
What pattern do we have on our friction ridge skin? Right Ans - Pattern of
ridges (hills) and furrows (valleys)
What do ridges and furrows do? Right Ans - Improve grip, prevent slippage
When do friction ridges
develop? Right Ans - Before birth
,How are ridges coded and where are they coded? Right Ans - Coded by
genetics and found of the dermis layer on skin
Do identical twins have the same fingerprints and why? Right Ans - No, as
there are differences in the womb such as fluid passage over skin, and
nutrition
What are the three levels of detail for friction ridge patterns? Right Ans -
1st level of detail: basic fingerprint patters
2nd level of detail: minutiae (Galton details)
3rd level of detail: friction ridge dimensional attributes
What are the three basic fingerprint patterns and how to do they look?
Right Ans - Arch: unbroken line from left to right that is hill shaped
Loop: start in one direction and go back
Whorl: complete circle
What are minutiae? Right Ans - Individuality of a fingerprint is not
determined by its general shape of pattern but by minutiae
What are the four types of minutiae? Right Ans - 1. Ending ridges
2. Bifurcations: one ridge turns into two ridges
3. Dots
4. Islands
What are the three types of friction ridge dimensional attributes? Right Ans
- 1. Pore shape
2. Pore size
3. Edge shapes
What are the two types of files IAFIS holds? Right Ans - 1. Prints of known
individuals
2. Developed single fingerprints from unsolved cases
How does IAFIS assist examiners? Right Ans - Narrows down possible
matches
, What are the three types of fingerprints founds at crime scenes or on
evidence? Right Ans - 1. Patent (visible)
2. Plastic (impressions)
3. Latent (invisible)
How can fingerprint residues be found from various substances? (3) Right
Ans - 1. From eccrine glands (watery sweat)
2. From touching areas of body containing apocrine glands (sweat containing
fats and proteins) before touching object
3. From touching external sources then touching object
What are non-porous substrates and give three examples Right Ans -
Smooth surfaces of which the latent print resides on the surface → Plastic,
metal, glass
What are three ways to collect fingerprints from non-porous substates?
Right Ans - 1. Fingerprint powders (magnetic and non-magnetic), lifted by
tape
2. Superglue fuming (heat the glue until it is a gas), often followed up with a
fluorescent dye
3. Vacuum metal deposition
What are porous substrates and give two examples Right Ans - Allows the
passing through of water, liquid or vapour → Paper, wood
What are two ways to collect fingerprints from porous substates? Right
Ans - Ninhydrin: reacts with proteins to form red/purple colour
DFO & indanedione: both similar to ninhydrin but fluorescence
How does ACE-V work
for fingerprint identification? Right Ans - Analysis: suitability of the print
Comparison: level 1 → level2 → level 3
Evaluation: every compared features consistent enough features when
considered as a whole
Verification: frequency of occurrence of different ridge characteristics and
relative locations not known
What are the three possible conclusions when comparing fingerprints?
Right Ans - 1. Insufficient ridge detail to form a conclusion
What is a presumptive match? Right Ans - Belongs to a particular class of
items
What is a positive match? Right Ans - Maps one to one to a particular item
(to the exclusion of all other possibilities)
What is a questioned source? Right Ans - Collected evidence
What is a known source? Right Ans - Comparative sample (control sample)
What is the inferotemporal cortex? Right Ans - Takes visual information
and compares it to stored information
How is information stored to the inferotemporal cortex? Right Ans -
Organized by class characteristics
What is prosopagnosia? Right Ans - Inability to recognize faces
What is something all evidence has? Right Ans - Class characteristics
What type of characteristics have more value in court? Right Ans -
Individual characteristics
What are class characteristics? Right Ans - Properties of evidence that can
be associated only with a group and never with a single source
What are identifying/individual characteristics? Right Ans - Features or
defects that permit matching to a single source with a high degree of
probability
What pattern do we have on our friction ridge skin? Right Ans - Pattern of
ridges (hills) and furrows (valleys)
What do ridges and furrows do? Right Ans - Improve grip, prevent slippage
When do friction ridges
develop? Right Ans - Before birth
,How are ridges coded and where are they coded? Right Ans - Coded by
genetics and found of the dermis layer on skin
Do identical twins have the same fingerprints and why? Right Ans - No, as
there are differences in the womb such as fluid passage over skin, and
nutrition
What are the three levels of detail for friction ridge patterns? Right Ans -
1st level of detail: basic fingerprint patters
2nd level of detail: minutiae (Galton details)
3rd level of detail: friction ridge dimensional attributes
What are the three basic fingerprint patterns and how to do they look?
Right Ans - Arch: unbroken line from left to right that is hill shaped
Loop: start in one direction and go back
Whorl: complete circle
What are minutiae? Right Ans - Individuality of a fingerprint is not
determined by its general shape of pattern but by minutiae
What are the four types of minutiae? Right Ans - 1. Ending ridges
2. Bifurcations: one ridge turns into two ridges
3. Dots
4. Islands
What are the three types of friction ridge dimensional attributes? Right Ans
- 1. Pore shape
2. Pore size
3. Edge shapes
What are the two types of files IAFIS holds? Right Ans - 1. Prints of known
individuals
2. Developed single fingerprints from unsolved cases
How does IAFIS assist examiners? Right Ans - Narrows down possible
matches
, What are the three types of fingerprints founds at crime scenes or on
evidence? Right Ans - 1. Patent (visible)
2. Plastic (impressions)
3. Latent (invisible)
How can fingerprint residues be found from various substances? (3) Right
Ans - 1. From eccrine glands (watery sweat)
2. From touching areas of body containing apocrine glands (sweat containing
fats and proteins) before touching object
3. From touching external sources then touching object
What are non-porous substrates and give three examples Right Ans -
Smooth surfaces of which the latent print resides on the surface → Plastic,
metal, glass
What are three ways to collect fingerprints from non-porous substates?
Right Ans - 1. Fingerprint powders (magnetic and non-magnetic), lifted by
tape
2. Superglue fuming (heat the glue until it is a gas), often followed up with a
fluorescent dye
3. Vacuum metal deposition
What are porous substrates and give two examples Right Ans - Allows the
passing through of water, liquid or vapour → Paper, wood
What are two ways to collect fingerprints from porous substates? Right
Ans - Ninhydrin: reacts with proteins to form red/purple colour
DFO & indanedione: both similar to ninhydrin but fluorescence
How does ACE-V work
for fingerprint identification? Right Ans - Analysis: suitability of the print
Comparison: level 1 → level2 → level 3
Evaluation: every compared features consistent enough features when
considered as a whole
Verification: frequency of occurrence of different ridge characteristics and
relative locations not known
What are the three possible conclusions when comparing fingerprints?
Right Ans - 1. Insufficient ridge detail to form a conclusion
