IB ESS Unit 4
Water Budget - correct answer ✔✔A quantitative estimate of the amounts of water in storages and
flows of the water cycle
Main problem with the water budget - correct answer ✔✔There are varied turn over times between
systems, so it is hard to track the distribution.
Water Cycle Transfers - correct answer ✔✔Flooding
Runoff
Infiltration
Water Cycle Transformations - correct answer ✔✔Evapotranspiration - Liquid to water vapor
Condensation - Vapor to liquid
Freezing - liquid into solid
Water Cycle Storages - correct answer ✔✔Oceans
Soil
Lakes
Glaciers
Human impacts on water cycle - correct answer ✔✔Withdrawals for domestic use
Discharging - adding pollutants
Creating canals
Aral sea - correct answer ✔✔intense irrigation has stopped river flow and lowered the sea level by 90%
Is water a renewable or nonreturnable resource? - correct answer ✔✔Depends on the environment
, Turnover times are so varied, it depends on the time it takes to enter/leave a system
ENSO - correct answer ✔✔El Nino Southern Osculation
weakens trade winds -> water flows back to the east -> no more upwellings ( bad for fisheries ) ->
Rainforests are now in a drought and east coast is flooding
Human Impact - Decreased fishing production to due lack of upwelling
Ocean currents - correct answer ✔✔Run from the poles to the equator
Surface currents -> moved by the winds
Deepwater currents -> Thermohaline currents (oceanic conveyer belt)
Gulf Stream
Gulf Stream - correct answer ✔✔Raises the temperature of water causing more accurate weather
predictions
Pollutants and hunting affect the contents of the stream
Freshwater Uses - correct answer ✔✔Agriculture, hydration, hygiene, hydraulic energy, provides
transportations of materials on boats
Freshwater Issues - correct answer ✔✔Freshwater can become contaminated and unusable (ex: from
pollution)
Climate change can disrupt rainfall patterns
Dissolved minerals remain at the top of soil and cause salinization
Industry and electric plants release warm water into rivers and contains less oxygen, causing fish having
a lack of oxygen
Irrigation
Salinization
Thermopollution
Thermopollution - correct answer ✔✔harm to lakes and rivers resulting from the release of excessive
waste heat into them
Water Budget - correct answer ✔✔A quantitative estimate of the amounts of water in storages and
flows of the water cycle
Main problem with the water budget - correct answer ✔✔There are varied turn over times between
systems, so it is hard to track the distribution.
Water Cycle Transfers - correct answer ✔✔Flooding
Runoff
Infiltration
Water Cycle Transformations - correct answer ✔✔Evapotranspiration - Liquid to water vapor
Condensation - Vapor to liquid
Freezing - liquid into solid
Water Cycle Storages - correct answer ✔✔Oceans
Soil
Lakes
Glaciers
Human impacts on water cycle - correct answer ✔✔Withdrawals for domestic use
Discharging - adding pollutants
Creating canals
Aral sea - correct answer ✔✔intense irrigation has stopped river flow and lowered the sea level by 90%
Is water a renewable or nonreturnable resource? - correct answer ✔✔Depends on the environment
, Turnover times are so varied, it depends on the time it takes to enter/leave a system
ENSO - correct answer ✔✔El Nino Southern Osculation
weakens trade winds -> water flows back to the east -> no more upwellings ( bad for fisheries ) ->
Rainforests are now in a drought and east coast is flooding
Human Impact - Decreased fishing production to due lack of upwelling
Ocean currents - correct answer ✔✔Run from the poles to the equator
Surface currents -> moved by the winds
Deepwater currents -> Thermohaline currents (oceanic conveyer belt)
Gulf Stream
Gulf Stream - correct answer ✔✔Raises the temperature of water causing more accurate weather
predictions
Pollutants and hunting affect the contents of the stream
Freshwater Uses - correct answer ✔✔Agriculture, hydration, hygiene, hydraulic energy, provides
transportations of materials on boats
Freshwater Issues - correct answer ✔✔Freshwater can become contaminated and unusable (ex: from
pollution)
Climate change can disrupt rainfall patterns
Dissolved minerals remain at the top of soil and cause salinization
Industry and electric plants release warm water into rivers and contains less oxygen, causing fish having
a lack of oxygen
Irrigation
Salinization
Thermopollution
Thermopollution - correct answer ✔✔harm to lakes and rivers resulting from the release of excessive
waste heat into them
