OMSA Exam Study Guide with Verified Solutions

OMSA Exam Study Guide with Verified Solutions The heart is divided into how many chambers - Answer-4 chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles Insufficient blood flow through the coronary arteries can result in: - Answer-Angina Beta one controls the - Answer-Heart Name the two systems that comprise the autonomic nervous system: - Answer-Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Stimulation of the Vagus nerve will __________ the heart rate - Answer-decrease Another name for the Parasympathetic nervous system is: - Answer-Cholinergic Another name for the Sympathetic nervous system is: - Answer-Adrenergic What sound does the heart make? What causes this sound? - Answer-Lub-dub; The sound is caused by the closing of the valves. The lub is the tricuspid and mitral valves closing, the dub is the pulmonic and aortic valves closing. Name the four valves in the heart - Answer-1) Aortic 2) Pulmonary 3) Bicuspid 4)Bicuspid (aka mitral valve) EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024 Page 2/31 Where is the mitral valve located? - Answer-between left atrium and left ventricle Where is the tricuspid valve located? - Answer-between right atrium and right ventricle What is the purpose of valves in the heart? - Answer-To prevent back-flow of blood Trace the pathway of the conduction system through the heart. - Answer-SA (Sinoatrial/Sinus) node to the AV (atrioventricular) node, to the Bundle of His to the Bundle Branches, to the Purkinjie Fibers. - SA AV Bundle of junkies.- Trace the pathway of blood through the heart. - Answer--superior/inferior vena cava -right atrium -tricuspid valve -right ventricle -pulmonic valve -pulmonary artery -lung -capillaries -pulmonic vein -left atrium -mitral valve -left ventricle EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024 Page 3/31 -aortic valve -aorta Which pt needs antibiotic premedication? -A 28 yr old with a repaired atrial septal defect which was repaired at birth -A 70 yr old with a prosthetic heart valve -A 67 yr old with a previous history of an MI -A 20 yr old who reports a childhood heart murmur - Answer--A 70 year old with a prosthetic heart valve What is the difference between angina and an MI? - Answer-Angina is chest pain due to inadequate oxygenation while an MI means death of the actual heart muscle (necrosis). Left sided heart failure often leads to: - Answer-right sided heart failure mnemonic for an MI - Answer-MONA/FONA MONA stands for: - Answer-Morphine Oxygen Nitroglycerin Aspirin FONA stands for: - Answer-Fentanyl Oxygen EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024 Page 4/31 Nitroglycerin Aspirin What causes a heart murmur? - Answer-turbulent blood flow across the valves of the heart Right sided heart failure symptoms - Answer--Ascites -Pitting edema Left sided heart failure symptoms - Answer--Orthopnea -Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea -Shortness of breath -Pulmonary edema Necrosis means: - Answer-Death of tissue or bone The first heart sound is caused by: - Answer-the tricuspid and mitral valves closing What medication is used in the treatment of angina? - Answer-nitroglycerin What do beta blockers do? - Answer-decrease BP and HR The two kinds of heart failure: - Answer-Left and right What does ischemia mean? - Answer-inadequate blood supply The mnemonic for diagnosing a stroke is: - Answer-FAST FAST stands for: - Answer-Face, Arm, Speech, Time EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024 Page 5/31 Does a pt with a history of CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting) need to premed with antibiotics? - Answer-No. Symptoms of severe hypotension: - Answer--dizziness -orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension) -syncope Tx for a hypertensive crisis includes: - Answer-Beta blockers and a vasodilator High BP can increase a pt's risk for both - Answer-heart attack and stroke A patient in a hypertensive crisis may complain of: - Answer-headache A stroke is classified as what type of accident? What are the two kinds of