HSC 310 Ethics Part 1 Exam Questions
with Revised Answer (All are Correct)
What is ethical dilemma? - Answer- "a situation that requires a moral choice between
mutually exclusive courses of action"
So you are going with one course of action but it conflicts with other situations
Principled Approach - What is it? What's the problem with using the approach? -
Answer- Autonomy
Non-Maleficence
Beneficence
Justice
- Not comprehensive
- It is quite individualistic in how you choose
- Too rational - doesn't take into account of emotion and human experiences
- Doesn't fit in religion and cultural experience of individuals
7 Factors of Approaches to Gathering informations
Data collected from... - Answer- 1. Collect information well - relevant to client using
open/close questions
2. Identify key questions - wording relevant to client
3. Identify guiding values
4. Brainstorm alternatives
5. Judge each option according to values
6. Make a decision
7. Live with it and learn from it
Pt, Families, Medical Hx, Other HCP and support services report
List the four topics and the criteria for each topic in gathering information based on
Jonsen, Seigler and Winslade model (structured approach). - Answer- 1. Clinical issues/
medical indications
2. Patient preferences
3. Quality of life/ death
4. Contextual features
Describe (1. Clinical issues/ medical indications) the criteria for each topic in gathering
information based on Jonsen, Seigler and Winslade model (structured approach).
,What principles does this topic effect? - Answer- Clinical issues/ medical indications
• Diagnosis?
• Treatment available?
• Prognosis for each treatment/non-treatment?
• Risks and benefits of each treatment/non-treatment?
• Uncertainties attached to the outcomes?
• What is the best clinical judgment?
What principle does this topic reflect:
beneficence
non-maleficence
Describe (2. Patient preferences) the criteria for each topic in gathering information
based on Jonsen, Seigler and Winslade model (structured approach).
What principles does this topic effect? - Answer- - Patient preferences
• What does the patient want?
• Is the patient competent/capacity to decide for themselves?
Unencumbered/encumbered?
• Do the wishes reflect voluntary, understood and informed consent?
• If incompetent, who is the surrogate?
• Is the surrogate competent?
• What do the HCPs want?
Needs to incorporate: patients wishes which include: values, beliefs, character traits,
lifestyle decisions
Are the alternative decisions makers able to respect the desires of the patient?
Principle: Autonomy applies to this situation
Describe (3. Quality of life/ death) the criteria for each topic in gathering information
based on Jonsen, Seigler and Winslade model (structured approach).
What principles does this topic effect? - Answer- Quality of life/ death
• Quality of life in patient's terms - impacted by values and beliefs
• What kind of life/death with/without treatment?
• Care giver views of quality of life
• How do we rate the quality of life/death? Feasible?
• Is quality of life "less than minimal?"
Principle: Beneficence and Non-maleficence
Describe (4. Contextual features) the criteria for each topic in gathering information
based on Jonsen, Seigler and Winslade model (structured approach).
What principles does this topic effect? - Answer- Contextual features
• Whose other interests are affected?
, • What costs are involved?
• Research/teaching influence?
• Social support?
• Social, legal and institutional circumstances influencing the decision?
Principle: Justice
What is the narrative approach to gathering information when making ethical decisions?
Pros and cons - Answer- • This is an evolving approach to clinical ethics and has been
used extensively by Rodney, Storch and Starzomski.
• Uses a "narrative" (story telling) approach to examine the issues in a particular case
• Come to know "what to do" by telling the story
Allowing pt to tell the story of the situation - how is pain? How they are dealing with dx?
Come to know what to do by telling the story
Very fluid and no structure
Limitation: ambiguity (may not find out all the relevant information), biased, some
people might not want to talk,
What is the casuistry approach? - Answer- - application of principles to moral questions:
the application of general rules and principles to questions of ethics or morals in order to
resolve them
- Employs analogy (drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect),
e.g., comparing the case with similar cases noting both similarities and differences
- Moral knowledge is acquired over time through the analysis of concrete cases
What is the casuistry approach to gathering information when making ethical decisions?
Pros and cons - Answer- • #1 - Complete description of the case as possible, including
the maxims (principles generally received as true) likely relevant:
• Four topics
- Clinical issues/medical indications
- Patient preferences
- Quality of life & death
- Contextual features
• #2 - The moral agent identifies case(s) relevant or similar to the one in question
• From this, try to determine if the best course of action is clear from the other relevant
case(s) and can be used to guide decisions in the current scenario
• #3 - Judgment made about the similar case(s) which in turn helps inform the moral
agent how he or she ought to proceed
• This depends on whether or not the person encountering the dilemma has used a
problem solving process before....
Describe 3 methods for dealing with conflicts between principles - Answer- 1. Order
principles according to ethical importance choose which principles takes precedence as
important and decide based on that
with Revised Answer (All are Correct)
What is ethical dilemma? - Answer- "a situation that requires a moral choice between
mutually exclusive courses of action"
So you are going with one course of action but it conflicts with other situations
Principled Approach - What is it? What's the problem with using the approach? -
Answer- Autonomy
Non-Maleficence
Beneficence
Justice
- Not comprehensive
- It is quite individualistic in how you choose
- Too rational - doesn't take into account of emotion and human experiences
- Doesn't fit in religion and cultural experience of individuals
7 Factors of Approaches to Gathering informations
Data collected from... - Answer- 1. Collect information well - relevant to client using
open/close questions
2. Identify key questions - wording relevant to client
3. Identify guiding values
4. Brainstorm alternatives
5. Judge each option according to values
6. Make a decision
7. Live with it and learn from it
Pt, Families, Medical Hx, Other HCP and support services report
List the four topics and the criteria for each topic in gathering information based on
Jonsen, Seigler and Winslade model (structured approach). - Answer- 1. Clinical issues/
medical indications
2. Patient preferences
3. Quality of life/ death
4. Contextual features
Describe (1. Clinical issues/ medical indications) the criteria for each topic in gathering
information based on Jonsen, Seigler and Winslade model (structured approach).
,What principles does this topic effect? - Answer- Clinical issues/ medical indications
• Diagnosis?
• Treatment available?
• Prognosis for each treatment/non-treatment?
• Risks and benefits of each treatment/non-treatment?
• Uncertainties attached to the outcomes?
• What is the best clinical judgment?
What principle does this topic reflect:
beneficence
non-maleficence
Describe (2. Patient preferences) the criteria for each topic in gathering information
based on Jonsen, Seigler and Winslade model (structured approach).
What principles does this topic effect? - Answer- - Patient preferences
• What does the patient want?
• Is the patient competent/capacity to decide for themselves?
Unencumbered/encumbered?
• Do the wishes reflect voluntary, understood and informed consent?
• If incompetent, who is the surrogate?
• Is the surrogate competent?
• What do the HCPs want?
Needs to incorporate: patients wishes which include: values, beliefs, character traits,
lifestyle decisions
Are the alternative decisions makers able to respect the desires of the patient?
Principle: Autonomy applies to this situation
Describe (3. Quality of life/ death) the criteria for each topic in gathering information
based on Jonsen, Seigler and Winslade model (structured approach).
What principles does this topic effect? - Answer- Quality of life/ death
• Quality of life in patient's terms - impacted by values and beliefs
• What kind of life/death with/without treatment?
• Care giver views of quality of life
• How do we rate the quality of life/death? Feasible?
• Is quality of life "less than minimal?"
Principle: Beneficence and Non-maleficence
Describe (4. Contextual features) the criteria for each topic in gathering information
based on Jonsen, Seigler and Winslade model (structured approach).
What principles does this topic effect? - Answer- Contextual features
• Whose other interests are affected?
, • What costs are involved?
• Research/teaching influence?
• Social support?
• Social, legal and institutional circumstances influencing the decision?
Principle: Justice
What is the narrative approach to gathering information when making ethical decisions?
Pros and cons - Answer- • This is an evolving approach to clinical ethics and has been
used extensively by Rodney, Storch and Starzomski.
• Uses a "narrative" (story telling) approach to examine the issues in a particular case
• Come to know "what to do" by telling the story
Allowing pt to tell the story of the situation - how is pain? How they are dealing with dx?
Come to know what to do by telling the story
Very fluid and no structure
Limitation: ambiguity (may not find out all the relevant information), biased, some
people might not want to talk,
What is the casuistry approach? - Answer- - application of principles to moral questions:
the application of general rules and principles to questions of ethics or morals in order to
resolve them
- Employs analogy (drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect),
e.g., comparing the case with similar cases noting both similarities and differences
- Moral knowledge is acquired over time through the analysis of concrete cases
What is the casuistry approach to gathering information when making ethical decisions?
Pros and cons - Answer- • #1 - Complete description of the case as possible, including
the maxims (principles generally received as true) likely relevant:
• Four topics
- Clinical issues/medical indications
- Patient preferences
- Quality of life & death
- Contextual features
• #2 - The moral agent identifies case(s) relevant or similar to the one in question
• From this, try to determine if the best course of action is clear from the other relevant
case(s) and can be used to guide decisions in the current scenario
• #3 - Judgment made about the similar case(s) which in turn helps inform the moral
agent how he or she ought to proceed
• This depends on whether or not the person encountering the dilemma has used a
problem solving process before....
Describe 3 methods for dealing with conflicts between principles - Answer- 1. Order
principles according to ethical importance choose which principles takes precedence as
important and decide based on that
