BIO-101
Lecture Exam #1 Review
Chapter 1: The Science of Biology ( Naomi )
● Characteristics of life - cellular organization, energy utilization, homeostasis, growth - development - and
reproduction, heredity
● Experimental design-
o Hypothesis - an educated guess
o Independent variable - often manipulated and on the x axis
o Dependent variable - dependent on the x axis but is on the y axis
o Controlled variable - stay constant
● Scientific theory - expresses idea of the most certain explanation -
● Darwin’s contribution to science - mechanism
● Darwin’s observation of finches -slight changes in their beak to adapt to environment
● Evidence supporting evolution - Fossil record and molecular evidence
Chapter 2: The Nature of Molecules & The Properties of Water ( Daniel )
● Matter - Anything that takes up space.
● Atoms - smallest units of matter that
● Protons, neutrons, electrons - Protons have positive charge, neutrons have neutral charge and then electrons
have negative charge
● Atomic number - It gives the element its identity.
● Atomic mass/weight - AMU
● Elements - are unique forms of matter with periodic chemical and physical properties that cannot break down
into smaller substances.
● Neutral vs. Ion (+, -)
● Isotope - A neutral atom but different number of neutrons.
● Valence electron - The electrons in the outermost shell always wanting 8
● Octet rule - Every element wants 8 electrons. because it fiends 8
● Molecules - A lot of atoms that are put together
● Compounds - Elements turn into compounds.
● Chemical bonds - turns atoms into molecules.
● Ionic bonds - full gain/loss electrons
● Covalent bonds - single,double,or triple
● Electronegativity - how greedy an atom is for electrons.
● Nonpolar covalent bonds - a type of chemical bond that is formed when electrons are shared equally
between two atoms
● Polar covalent bonds - exists when atoms with different electronegativities share electrons in a covalent bond.
● Intramolecular forces - Within forces
● Intermolecular forces - Between forces
● Hydrogen bonds - Are weak bonds between slightly positivlity charged hydrogen atoms to slightly negatively
charged atoms in other molecules.
● Polarity of water -
● Cohesion - Same molecules attracted to each other
● Adhesion - When things that are similar are being attracted.
Lecture Exam #1 Review
Chapter 1: The Science of Biology ( Naomi )
● Characteristics of life - cellular organization, energy utilization, homeostasis, growth - development - and
reproduction, heredity
● Experimental design-
o Hypothesis - an educated guess
o Independent variable - often manipulated and on the x axis
o Dependent variable - dependent on the x axis but is on the y axis
o Controlled variable - stay constant
● Scientific theory - expresses idea of the most certain explanation -
● Darwin’s contribution to science - mechanism
● Darwin’s observation of finches -slight changes in their beak to adapt to environment
● Evidence supporting evolution - Fossil record and molecular evidence
Chapter 2: The Nature of Molecules & The Properties of Water ( Daniel )
● Matter - Anything that takes up space.
● Atoms - smallest units of matter that
● Protons, neutrons, electrons - Protons have positive charge, neutrons have neutral charge and then electrons
have negative charge
● Atomic number - It gives the element its identity.
● Atomic mass/weight - AMU
● Elements - are unique forms of matter with periodic chemical and physical properties that cannot break down
into smaller substances.
● Neutral vs. Ion (+, -)
● Isotope - A neutral atom but different number of neutrons.
● Valence electron - The electrons in the outermost shell always wanting 8
● Octet rule - Every element wants 8 electrons. because it fiends 8
● Molecules - A lot of atoms that are put together
● Compounds - Elements turn into compounds.
● Chemical bonds - turns atoms into molecules.
● Ionic bonds - full gain/loss electrons
● Covalent bonds - single,double,or triple
● Electronegativity - how greedy an atom is for electrons.
● Nonpolar covalent bonds - a type of chemical bond that is formed when electrons are shared equally
between two atoms
● Polar covalent bonds - exists when atoms with different electronegativities share electrons in a covalent bond.
● Intramolecular forces - Within forces
● Intermolecular forces - Between forces
● Hydrogen bonds - Are weak bonds between slightly positivlity charged hydrogen atoms to slightly negatively
charged atoms in other molecules.
● Polarity of water -
● Cohesion - Same molecules attracted to each other
● Adhesion - When things that are similar are being attracted.
