PSYC 140 - Module 2 Exam Questions

Zeke's father is a volleyball coach and Zeke grew up wanting to play volleyball. In fifth grade, he asked his father to show him how to play and teach him basic skills. By the time that he reaches junior high, he's skilled enough to make the varsity volleyball team. What type of genotype- environment interaction best explains Zeke's sports success? - answer-Active Jillian's mother is a librarian and her father is a high school English teacher. When Jillian began elementary school, her teacher found her reading fourth-grade level books in the school library. The teacher then encouraged Jillian to read high quality fiction books. By high school, Jillian is one of her school's top English students. What type of genotype-environment interaction might best explain how this occurred? - answer-Evocative Dan's parents both perform in the city orchestra. When Dan was three they bought him his first violin and began giving him music lessons. Dan shows early promise as a musician. What type of genotype-environment interaction best explains Dan's musical prowess? - answer-Passive Jillian's mother is a librarian and her father is a high school English teacher. When Jillian began elementary school, her teacher found her reading fourth- grade level books in the school library. The teacher then encouraged Jillian to read high quality fiction books. By high school, Jillian is one of her school's top English students. What type of genotype-environment interaction might best explain how this occurred? - answer- In which type of genotype-environment interaction does the child take very little role in personally choosing and seeking out environments that foster a particular interest - answer-Passive Which research design would best investigate the everyday behavior of children in a middle school math class? - answer-Naturalistic Observation A researcher follows a group of children over ten years to assess socioemotional development. Which research design is the researcher using? - answer-Longitudinal A doctor might recommend the use of a/an _________________ drug during childbirth if there is a need to stimulate labor contractions. - answer-oxytocic Place the following prenatal events in order from earliest to latest - Lanugo is nearly gone Basic spinal cord begins to form Heartbeat can be heard - answer-Basic spinal cord begins to form Heartbeat can be heard Lanugo is nearly gone What is Lamaze? - answer-The use of breathing techniques and education to control pain and fear A/An _______________ is an agent that causes birth defect. - answer-teratogen T or F? The risk of miscarriage during amniocenteses is 1 in 300 - answer-TRUE When are a developing baby's organs most susceptible. Be specific. - answer-during organogenesis What is the term for the prenatal period of organ formation? - answer-Organogenesis Which of the following are typical reasons for undertaking Chorionic Villus Sampling? Maternal age (35 or younger) Desire to confirm and date the pregnancy Family history of a genetic disease All of the above - answer-Family history of a genetic disease During which trimester does spinal cord formation begin? - answer-First What are the advantage and disadvantages of naturalistic observations? Describe one advantage and one disadvantage. - answer-An advantage would be that researchers can observe participant's realistic, natural behavior A disadvantage would be that researchers can only observe the behavior, no interview is conducted so subject can't share thoughts. What are the advantages and disadvantages of conducting a correlational study? Describe one advantage and disadvantage - answer-Correlation study advantage is to see if two variables are related together and the degree of correlation will tell you how strongly they go together A disadvantage with correlation is that is doesn't tell you what actually changes therefore it can be limiting when trying to gather information on what the data can tell you Advantages should include the following: helps investigate which variables relate together, addresses key issues in social sciences. Disadvantage: correlation does not equal causation. For the following scenarios, identify whether the study's design is cross-sectional or longitudinal. A) Martha's children participated in a study from the time they were in preschool until they reached middle school B) A researcher is studying a group of baby boomers to see whether, as they age, they become increasingly religious C) teenagers in a study are interviewed regarding who are the most popular peers in their grade - answer-A) Longitudinal B) Longitudinal C) Cross-Sectional Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. What are the two key features of an experiment that enable it to determine causality? Name these features and then describe them - answer-Tight controls with the setting, participants and other variables that could be in the study The researcher has access to manipulate the variable/ factor that can have an influence Passive Interaction - answer-parents can provide both the genetic predisposition as well as a nurturing context to foster certain qualities in a child. Example: a musical family provides many opportunities for musical development. This is considered passive due to the child's role being a passive one (a genotype is the genetic make-up of an individual). Evocative Interaction - answer-parents can provide the genetic predisposition for the child to then evoke certain reactions in others. In short, our own behaviors may play a role in our development. Example: a very social child will affect others around her to behave in certain ways, which will then influence her own development. This child may develop a large social group and be viewed favorably by teachers who value strong interpersonal skills. Active Interaction - answer-parents may provide a genetic predisposition that results in the child actively seeking out environmental conditions that foster the development of certain qualities.