NUSCTX 10S Final Exam Questions With
100% Correct Answers
WhatiisiaiDietaryiSupplement?i-iCorrectiAnswer-
Aiproductiintendediforiingestion—
foriexampleiaipill,icapsule,itablet,ipowder,iliquid—
thaticontainsiai"dietaryiingredient."
ExamplesiofiDietaryiIngredientsi-iCorrectiAnswer--Extracts/Metabolites
-Vitamins
-Minerals
-AminoiAcids
-Herbs/Botanicals
HerbaliRemediesi-iCorrectiAnswer-
•Herbaliremediesiareiwidelyiusedithroughoutitheiworld
-TraditionaliChineseiMedicinei(TCM)
-ComplementaryiandiAlternativeiMedicinei(CAM)
-IntegrativeiMedicinei(asiofi2014iUSiMDsiareiableitoibeiaccredited)
SupplementiLabelingiRegulationsi-iCorrectiAnswer-Mustiinclude:
1.Ingredientsi
2.Amountipresentiinieachipill
,3.%iDailyiValuei(ifiapplicable)
4.Suggestedidailyidose
5.Commoninameiofiplantiandipartiofiplantiusedi(ifiplant-based)
*Labelsicannoticlaimiititreats,iprevents,ioricuresiaidisease
Wheniareisupplementsiappropriate?i-iCorrectiAnswer--
iCertainimicronutrientideficiencies
-iLimitedidietaryipatterns
*Consider:
1.iEfficacy
2.iDosage
3.iLabeling
4.iContraindications
5.iMisleadingiclaims
6.iCost
*DietaryiSupplementsishouldiNOTireplaceiaihealthyidietithatimeetsithei
DGAs
Retinoidsi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Retinoidsiareiaicollectiveitermiforitheibiologicallyiactiveiformsiofivitami
,niA.iTheyiareicalledipreformedivitaminiAibecause,iunlikeicarotenoids,ith
eyidoinotineeditoibeiconvertediinitheibodyitoibecomeibiologicallyiactive.
TheiRoleiofiVAiiniProteiniSynthesisiandiCelliDifferentiationi(retinoiciacid
)i-iCorrectiAnswer-
•Epithelialicellsiofiskiniandimucousimembranesiareithei1stlineiofidefens
eiagainstiinfection
•SupportsidifferentiationiandiantibodyiproductioniiniT-andiB-
cellsiforispecificiimmuneiresponses
VitaminiAiintakei-iCorrectiAnswer-
ConsumingitheirightiamountiofivitaminiAiisicriticalitoioverallihealth.iAive
ryilowi(deficient)ioriveryihighi(toxic)ivitaminiAiintakei(asiretinoids)icanip
roduceiharmfulisymptomsiandicanievenileaditoideath.
RolesiofiVDiinitheibodyi-iCorrectiAnswer-
•TheiactiveiformiofiVDiisiaihormone,iwhichiregulatesigeneitranscription
•Maintainsibloodiconcentrationsioficalciumiandiphosphorous
•Regulatesicelliproliferationiandidifferentiation
•Immuneifunction
FactorsiAffectingiVDiSynthesisiinitheiBodyi-iCorrectiAnswer-•Latitude
•Season
•Timeiofiday
•Skinipigmentation
, •Suniexposure
•Sunscreeniuse
VitaminiDi(VD):iFormsi-iCorrectiAnswer-
•BodyicanisynthesizeifromicholesteroliandiUVilight
•VD2(ergocalciferol)iiniplantisourcesiandisupplements
•VD3(cholecalciferol)iinianimalisourceifoodsiandihumanibodyi
•VD2isilessibiologicallyiactiveithaniVD3
•VD-binding-proteinirequirediforitransportiiniblood
VitaminiDiDeficiency:iRicketsiandiOsteomalaciai-iCorrectiAnswer-
VDiSynthesisi&iActivationi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Whetherisynthesizediinitheiskinioriobtainedifromidietaryisources,ivitam
iniDiultimatelyifunctionsiasiaihormone:i1,25(OH)2vitaminiD3(calcitriol).
SomeifunctionsiofiCalciumi-iCorrectiAnswer--Boneistructure
-Releaseiofineurotransmitters
-Bloodipressure
-Muscleicontraction
-CelliMetabolism
-Regulateienzymeiactivity
-Bloodiclotting
100% Correct Answers
WhatiisiaiDietaryiSupplement?i-iCorrectiAnswer-
Aiproductiintendediforiingestion—
foriexampleiaipill,icapsule,itablet,ipowder,iliquid—
thaticontainsiai"dietaryiingredient."
ExamplesiofiDietaryiIngredientsi-iCorrectiAnswer--Extracts/Metabolites
-Vitamins
-Minerals
-AminoiAcids
-Herbs/Botanicals
HerbaliRemediesi-iCorrectiAnswer-
•Herbaliremediesiareiwidelyiusedithroughoutitheiworld
-TraditionaliChineseiMedicinei(TCM)
-ComplementaryiandiAlternativeiMedicinei(CAM)
-IntegrativeiMedicinei(asiofi2014iUSiMDsiareiableitoibeiaccredited)
SupplementiLabelingiRegulationsi-iCorrectiAnswer-Mustiinclude:
1.Ingredientsi
2.Amountipresentiinieachipill
,3.%iDailyiValuei(ifiapplicable)
4.Suggestedidailyidose
5.Commoninameiofiplantiandipartiofiplantiusedi(ifiplant-based)
*Labelsicannoticlaimiititreats,iprevents,ioricuresiaidisease
Wheniareisupplementsiappropriate?i-iCorrectiAnswer--
iCertainimicronutrientideficiencies
-iLimitedidietaryipatterns
*Consider:
1.iEfficacy
2.iDosage
3.iLabeling
4.iContraindications
5.iMisleadingiclaims
6.iCost
*DietaryiSupplementsishouldiNOTireplaceiaihealthyidietithatimeetsithei
DGAs
Retinoidsi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Retinoidsiareiaicollectiveitermiforitheibiologicallyiactiveiformsiofivitami
,niA.iTheyiareicalledipreformedivitaminiAibecause,iunlikeicarotenoids,ith
eyidoinotineeditoibeiconvertediinitheibodyitoibecomeibiologicallyiactive.
TheiRoleiofiVAiiniProteiniSynthesisiandiCelliDifferentiationi(retinoiciacid
)i-iCorrectiAnswer-
•Epithelialicellsiofiskiniandimucousimembranesiareithei1stlineiofidefens
eiagainstiinfection
•SupportsidifferentiationiandiantibodyiproductioniiniT-andiB-
cellsiforispecificiimmuneiresponses
VitaminiAiintakei-iCorrectiAnswer-
ConsumingitheirightiamountiofivitaminiAiisicriticalitoioverallihealth.iAive
ryilowi(deficient)ioriveryihighi(toxic)ivitaminiAiintakei(asiretinoids)icanip
roduceiharmfulisymptomsiandicanievenileaditoideath.
RolesiofiVDiinitheibodyi-iCorrectiAnswer-
•TheiactiveiformiofiVDiisiaihormone,iwhichiregulatesigeneitranscription
•Maintainsibloodiconcentrationsioficalciumiandiphosphorous
•Regulatesicelliproliferationiandidifferentiation
•Immuneifunction
FactorsiAffectingiVDiSynthesisiinitheiBodyi-iCorrectiAnswer-•Latitude
•Season
•Timeiofiday
•Skinipigmentation
, •Suniexposure
•Sunscreeniuse
VitaminiDi(VD):iFormsi-iCorrectiAnswer-
•BodyicanisynthesizeifromicholesteroliandiUVilight
•VD2(ergocalciferol)iiniplantisourcesiandisupplements
•VD3(cholecalciferol)iinianimalisourceifoodsiandihumanibodyi
•VD2isilessibiologicallyiactiveithaniVD3
•VD-binding-proteinirequirediforitransportiiniblood
VitaminiDiDeficiency:iRicketsiandiOsteomalaciai-iCorrectiAnswer-
VDiSynthesisi&iActivationi-iCorrectiAnswer-
Whetherisynthesizediinitheiskinioriobtainedifromidietaryisources,ivitam
iniDiultimatelyifunctionsiasiaihormone:i1,25(OH)2vitaminiD3(calcitriol).
SomeifunctionsiofiCalciumi-iCorrectiAnswer--Boneistructure
-Releaseiofineurotransmitters
-Bloodipressure
-Muscleicontraction
-CelliMetabolism
-Regulateienzymeiactivity
-Bloodiclotting
