Renal function tests and glomerulonephritis Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+

Renal function tests and glomerulonephritis Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+ What are some tests that you could use to determine kidney function? - Answers Urine test, blood test, imaging, kidney biopsy What is the purpose of doing renal function tests? - Answers To detect damage, monitor the damage and to determine the cause What is BUN as it relates to the kidneys? - Answers Blood, urea and nitrogen How is kidney function affected when BUN is elevated? - Answers It is decreased What does the normal serum urea levels depend on? - Answers Blood in the gut, protein load, liver cirrhosis How is kidney function affected when serum creatinine is elevated? - Answers It is decreased What does the normal serum urea levels depend on? - Answers Muscle mass and level of activity What is preferred over creatinine to determine kidney function? - Answers Cystatin C How is the GFR affected in chronic kidney disease? - Answers It decreases What is the range for GFR of a normal person? - Answers 90-125ml/min How may creatinine clearance be used to determine kidney function? - Answers It may be used to measure GFR What are three common substances that are used to measure GFR? - Answers Inulin, urea and creatinine Is inulin made by the body? - Answers No For how long is the patient's urine collected for GFR measurement using creatinine clearance? - Answers 24 hours What variables are used to determine the estimated GFR using the Cockcroft-Gault formula? - Answers Gender, serum creatinine level, age and weight What variables are used to determine the estimated GFR using the Modification of Diet in Renal disease equation? - Answers Age, gender, ethnicity and serum creatinine level What variables are used to determine the estimated GFR using the CKD-EPI formula? - Answers Age, gender, ethnicity and serum creatinine level What is the advantage of using the CKD-EPI equation over the MDRD equation? - Answers CKD-EPI is more accurate Which equation to find the estimated GFR is used to classify chronic kidney disease into 5 stages? - Answers The CKD-EPI What function of the kidney does the urine test determine? - Answers Its ability to filter well What is the time frame for urine collection when determining the concentration of protein present? - Answers 24 hours What is the urine test to determine kidney function reported as? - Answers Protein to creatinine ratio At what ratio is the urine protein to creatinine ratio abnormal? - Answers 100mg of protein per gram of creatinine What does a urine protein to creatinine ratio greater than 3000 mg indicate? - Answers Extreme damage to the glomerulus What are some of the markers on a urine dipstick? - Answers Blood, protein, glucose, white blood cells, pH What do white blood cells in urine signify? - Answers An infection How are urine sediments gathered? - Answers By placing the urine in a test tube and centrifuge it What is the "poor man's renal biopsy"? - Answers This is the process of diagnosing kidney disease with the sediments from the centrifugation of urine What are some of the findings in the sediments of urine? - Answers White and red blood cells, bacteria, yeast, crystals, renal tubular cells What are the electrolytes found in urine? - Answers Sodium, potassium, creatinine, urea What are some imagining techniques used to view the kidneys? - Answers Ultrasound, renal scan, CAT, MRI, IVP (intravenous pyelogram) What properties of the kidney is an ultrasound useful for? - Answers The size, cysts, solid masses or kidney stones, scarring or any obstruction to urine flow What structures does an IV pyelogram show? - Answers Kidneys, ureters and bladder using X-ray techniques and injecting contrast dye What properties of the kidney is an IV pyelogram useful for? - Answers The size, shape, presence of cysts, tumours or stones Why is IV pyelogram not performed in someone with reduced kidney functions? - Answers There will be reduced dye uptake and the dye may cause renal failure in a person who already ha