Glomerulonephritis and Hematutia Exam Practice Questions with complete Solutions 100% Pass

Glomerulonephritis and Hematutia Exam Practice Questions with complete Solutions 100% Pass hematuria - Answers Five or more RBCs per hpf on freshly voided and centrifuged urine Origin of hematuria - Answers 1.Glomerular 2.Tubulointerstitial 3.Lower urinary tract Microscopic hematuria - Answers Is found in up to 5% of healthy children but in most cases is a transient finding and resolves on repeated testing. Persistent microscopic hematuria - Answers May indicate 1.Glomerular disease 2.Crystalluria 3.Inherited disorders 3a.Sickle cell trait/disease 3b.Polycystic Kidney disease Macroscopic hematuria - Answers Visible blood in urine Macroscopic hematuria may be seen in - Answers 1.Urolithiasis 2.Urinary Tract Infection(UTI) 3.Acute Glomerulonephritis(GN) Most common form of acute GN - Answers Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis ( PIGN) Most common form of Chronic GN - Answers Immunoglobulin A(IgA) Nephropathy Cardinal features of acute GN - Answers 1.Hematuria(Macro- or microscopic) 2.Proteinuria 3.Hypertension 4.Edema 5.Oliguria 6.Acute kidney injury (AKI) In what age PIGN most frequently occurs? - Answers In children 2-12 years of age is more common in boys What is the difference between an acute GN and PIGN? - Answers Manifestations of PIGN are typical of acute GN and most commonly develops on average 10 days after streptococcal pharyngitis and 4-6 weeks after impetigo. Does antibiotic treatment of streptococcal or other infections prevent or delay PIGN? - Answers No, it does not prevent or delay development of GN, but antibiotic treatment is warranted with active streptococcal infection. IgA nephropathy has a more variable presentation, name the forms it may take: - Answers 1.Acute GN 2.Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria ic presentation of recurrent macroscopic hematuria concurrent with an upper respiratory infection. Note that children with GN secondary to IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura), lupus erythematosus, and vasculitis typically present with other systemic features of the respective condition. Rapidly progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) - Answers A more severe form of acute GN with a rapid loss of kidney function over days to weeks Glomerular Epithelial cell proliferation with crescents - Answers RPGN What is crucial in case of RPGN? - Answers Early recognition and treatment is crucial in RPGN to prevent progression to ESKD. Alport Syndrome - Answers X-linked defect in Type IV collagen. Results in abnormal GBM in the kidneys and ears. Males with Alport syndrome presentation: - Answers 1.Painless microscopic or macroscopic hematuria 2.Progressive proteinuria 3.Hypertension 4.Sensorineural hearing loss Females with Alport syndrome presentation: - Answers Have more benign course with microscopic hematuria but in some case may develop ESKD. Thin Basement Membrane Disease ( benign familial hematuria) - Answers Autosomal dominant