Acute Glomerulonephritis Exam Practice Questions with complete Solutions 100% Pass

Acute Glomerulonephritis Exam Practice Questions with complete Solutions 100% Pass What is acute glomerulonephritis? - Answers Inflammation of the membrane tissue in the kidneys that serve as a filter (glomeruli) How many glomeruli are in each kidney? - Answers About 1 million How does filtration work? - Answers Blood gets filtered through glomerulus and takes back what it needs and extra fluid/waste passes into tubules to become urine. What occurs in glomerular disease? - Answers Damage to glomeruli allows protein and RBC to leak into urine. What are the 2 types of glomerular disease? - Answers Acute and chronic. What are the causes of acute glomerular disease? - Answers Infections (strep throat), lupus, and goodpasture. What type of infection typically causes acute glomerulonephritis? - Answers Some type of strep infection. Like strep throat or a skin infection. Why does the strep infection cause acute issues? - Answers Certain strep antigens resemble the basement membrane of the glomerulus resulting in causing an antigen antibody forming which gets caught in the glomerulus causing an inflammatory response. What does this strep related inflammation response do? - Answers Causes swelling and break downs glomeruli capillaries. Which form of lupus causes glomerulonephritis? - Answers Lupus SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) What else can lupus sle effect? - Answers Many other parts of body such as joints, skin, kidneys, heart, and lungs. What is goodpasture disease/syndrome? What does it do? - Answers It is an autoimmune disease. It creates substances that attack a protein that can get into air sacks in lungs or glomeruli of kidneys. What are the clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis? - Answers Albuminuria, hematuria, ↓ GFR, hypoproteinemia, edema, ↑ BP, fatigue, and anemia. What is albuminuria? - Answers Large amounts of protein in the urine. What is hematuria? - Answers Blood in the urine. What is ↓ GFR? - Answers inefficient filtering of wastes from the blood. What is hypoproteinemia? - Answers low blood protein. What is a s/s of albuminuria? - Answers Excessively foamy or bubbly urine. How does albumin work? - Answers It is a protein that acts like a sponge to draw extra fluid from the body into the blood stream so the kidneys can remove it. What is the negative effect of albumin leaking into the urine? - Answers The blood loses the ability to absorb extra fluid from the body which will cause edema. What causes hematuria? - Answers Capillary cell death leaking blood into the urine. What is GFR? - Answers the rate at which kidneys are filtering wastes from the blood. What causes hypoproteinemia? - Answers The spilling of large amounts of protein into the urine. Where does edema related to acute glomerulonephritis present? - Answers Puffiness of the face, hands, and especially the lower extremities. Why does high BP present? - Answers Poor kidney function. Why can anemia occur? - Answers Decreased kidney function can lead to issues with erythropoiesis. What causes fatigue? - Answers Anemia, extra fluid causing ↑ of SOB. What are 7 diagnostics used to identify acute glomerulonephritis? - Answers ABD CT, Kidney ultrasound, XRAY (KUB), IVP, GFR, BUN, and Creatinine. What is the urine checked for? - Answers Protein, creatinine clearance, and specific gravity. What is KUB? - Answers kidneys, ureter, and bladder. What is IVP ? - Answers intravenous pyelogram. Dye is injected into pt to check kidney function. Should there be protein in the urine? - Answers no, it indicates kidney damage. What is the normal urine specific gravity? - Answers 1.005-1.030. What is urine specific gravity? - Answers It compares the density of urine to water. What does the specific gravity results mean? - Answers The more concentrated the urine is the more particles it will contain which means it will have a higher specific gravity. With more dilute urine the specific gravity will be lower. What will the specific gravity be in an acute glomerulonephritis pt be? - Answers It will be higher because of the protein and RBC spilling into urine. What are the tx for acute glomerulonephritis? - Answers ↓ protein, salt, and potassium. Diuretics to treat edema, calcium supplements, ACE inhibitors, corticosteroids.