BIO201 Topic 2: Chemistry for Anatomy and Physiology
Students Quiz
12 main chemicals required for life - answers 96%: *C, O, H, N* 4%: *Ca,P,S, Na, Cl, Mg, Fe*
Minerals - answers inorganic elements extracted from soil by plants and passed up the food
chain to humans.
Ex: Ca, P, Cl, Mg
Cation - answers atom that loses an electron (net positive charge)
ex:
Anion - answers atom that gains electrons (net negative charge)
ex:
Electorlytes - answers salts that ionize in water and form solutions capable of conducting an
electric current
Ex: Sodium chloride, potassium cholride
Free Radicals - answers odd number of electrons
produced by radiation and chemicals
cause tissue damage, cancer, aging, etc
Ionic bonds - answers relatively weak attraction between an anion and a cation
Ex: Ammonium
covalent bonds - answers sharing one or more pairs of electrons between nuclei
ex: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
hydrogen bonds - answers weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in one
molecule and a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another
Van der Waals forces - answers weak, brief attractions between neutral atoms
Polar - answers having partial positive and partial negative charges
AKA electrons shared unequally
Ex: H2O
non-polar - answers the electrons are distributed more symmetrically, AKA electrons shared
equally
hyrdophobic - answers substances that do not dissolve in water
ex: polar molecules
hydrophillic - answers substances that dissolve in water
, ex: non-polar or neutral (fat) molecules
Acid - answers a proton donor (releases H+ ions in water)
ex:
Base - answers a proton acceptor (accepts H+ ions)
pH - answers is a measure derived from the molarity of H+
pH of 7.0 - answers Neutral (Water)
pH of less than 7.0 - answers Acidic (lemon juice, gastric juice)
pH greater than 7 - answers Basic solution (egg white, house bleach, sodium hydroxide)
4 biological macromolecules - answers Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
decomposition reactions - answers a large molecule breaks down into two or more smaller ones.
AB ---> A+B
Dehydration Synthesis (condensation) - answers TAKE AWAY WATER. A hydroxyl (-OH) is
removed from one monomer and a hydrogen (-H) from another, producing water as a byproduct.
Hydrolysis (cleavage) - answers ADD WATER. A water molecule ionizes into OH- and H+
Synthesis Reactions - answers two or more small molecules combine to form a larger one. A +
B ----> AB
Exchange Reactions - answers AB + CD -----> AC + BD
Anabolic Reaction Example - answers Building reactions: Muscle development, bone growth,
photosynthesis
Catabolic Reaction Examples - answers Breaking down reactions: digestion, respiration
Monosaccharides - answers glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose. Simple sugar Taste sweet.
Soluble in water. Short terms energy.
Disaccharides - answers sucrose, lactose, maltose. Taste sweet. Dissolve easily in water. Short
term energy source.
Polysaccharides Important to humans - answers glycogen, starch, cellulose
Glycogen - answers long term energy storage in animals
Starch - answers long term energy storage in plants
Students Quiz
12 main chemicals required for life - answers 96%: *C, O, H, N* 4%: *Ca,P,S, Na, Cl, Mg, Fe*
Minerals - answers inorganic elements extracted from soil by plants and passed up the food
chain to humans.
Ex: Ca, P, Cl, Mg
Cation - answers atom that loses an electron (net positive charge)
ex:
Anion - answers atom that gains electrons (net negative charge)
ex:
Electorlytes - answers salts that ionize in water and form solutions capable of conducting an
electric current
Ex: Sodium chloride, potassium cholride
Free Radicals - answers odd number of electrons
produced by radiation and chemicals
cause tissue damage, cancer, aging, etc
Ionic bonds - answers relatively weak attraction between an anion and a cation
Ex: Ammonium
covalent bonds - answers sharing one or more pairs of electrons between nuclei
ex: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
hydrogen bonds - answers weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in one
molecule and a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another
Van der Waals forces - answers weak, brief attractions between neutral atoms
Polar - answers having partial positive and partial negative charges
AKA electrons shared unequally
Ex: H2O
non-polar - answers the electrons are distributed more symmetrically, AKA electrons shared
equally
hyrdophobic - answers substances that do not dissolve in water
ex: polar molecules
hydrophillic - answers substances that dissolve in water
, ex: non-polar or neutral (fat) molecules
Acid - answers a proton donor (releases H+ ions in water)
ex:
Base - answers a proton acceptor (accepts H+ ions)
pH - answers is a measure derived from the molarity of H+
pH of 7.0 - answers Neutral (Water)
pH of less than 7.0 - answers Acidic (lemon juice, gastric juice)
pH greater than 7 - answers Basic solution (egg white, house bleach, sodium hydroxide)
4 biological macromolecules - answers Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
decomposition reactions - answers a large molecule breaks down into two or more smaller ones.
AB ---> A+B
Dehydration Synthesis (condensation) - answers TAKE AWAY WATER. A hydroxyl (-OH) is
removed from one monomer and a hydrogen (-H) from another, producing water as a byproduct.
Hydrolysis (cleavage) - answers ADD WATER. A water molecule ionizes into OH- and H+
Synthesis Reactions - answers two or more small molecules combine to form a larger one. A +
B ----> AB
Exchange Reactions - answers AB + CD -----> AC + BD
Anabolic Reaction Example - answers Building reactions: Muscle development, bone growth,
photosynthesis
Catabolic Reaction Examples - answers Breaking down reactions: digestion, respiration
Monosaccharides - answers glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose. Simple sugar Taste sweet.
Soluble in water. Short terms energy.
Disaccharides - answers sucrose, lactose, maltose. Taste sweet. Dissolve easily in water. Short
term energy source.
Polysaccharides Important to humans - answers glycogen, starch, cellulose
Glycogen - answers long term energy storage in animals
Starch - answers long term energy storage in plants
