BIO 210 Genetics Final UPDATED Actual Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers

BIO 210 Genetics Final UPDATED Actual
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
A nucleotide is made up of what 3 components? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- phosphate
group, pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), and a nitrogenous base


What nitrogenous bases are purines - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Adenine and Guanine



What nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cytosine, thymine,
uracil


How can you differentiate between purines and pyrimidines? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
purines are double-ringed while pyrimidines are single-ringed


What are the differences between DNA and RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- DNA:
double stranded, has deoxyribose sugar(hydroxyl group at 2' carbon), bases: A, T, G, C
RNA: single stranded, has ribose sugar(one oxygen is removed from the 2' Carbon), bases: A,
U, G, C


Nucleoside vs Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- nucleoside: pentose sugar +
nitrogenous base
nucleotide: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base + phosphate group


What type of bonds bind nucleotide chains? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phosphodiester
bonds


What are the 4 requirements for a molecule to be genetic material? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- 1.) Must contain important info to encode hereditary traits
2.) Must be capable of replication
3.) Must be capable of variation by mutation
4.) Must be able to express information

,Where are chromosomes located? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cell's nucleus



what is a centrosome? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- location in the cell that contains
centrioles


What are centrioles? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- microtubules that produce mitotic spindle
fibers, aids in cell division, and make up the cytoskeleton of the cell


How many centrioles are there for every centrosome? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 2
centrioles/1 centrosome


How many copies of each type of chromosome does each eukaryotic cell typically have? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 2 copies



what are homologous chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- copies of the same type of
DNA


What are non-homologous chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- copies of different
chromosomes with different DNA


What is mitosis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cell division of one cell into 2 exact duplicates


What are the six stages of Mitosis in order? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- interphase,
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis


What happens during mitosis interphase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- mitosis stage that the
cell is primarily in
chromosomes are uncondensed, so they are just hanging out in the nucleus
1 centrosome < 2 centrioles


What happens during interphase s-phase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Centrosome
replication ( 2 centrosomes < 4 centrioles) occurs and chromosome replication occurs (still
uncondensed)

, What happens during mitosis prophase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- centrioles move to
opposite ends of the cell using spindle fibers


nuclear membrane breaks down


chromatin (DNA) condenses into chromosomes (the "x"'s); bound by a kinetochore that
attracts mitotic spindle fibers


What happens during mitosis prometaphase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- centrioles have
reached polar regions and mitotic spindle fibers have connected to the kinetochore


What happens during mitosis metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- all chromosomes are
lined up on the metaphase plate


What happens during mitosis Anaphase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- mitotic spindle fibers
pull chromosomes apart into chromatids (4n)


What happens during mitosis telophase? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- nuclear envelope
reforms


plasmo-membrane is pinched; sister chromatids are still condensed at this point


What happens during cytokinesis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cells split off; genetic
material becomes uncondensed


What happens during Meiosis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Division of one diploid cell to
yield 4 haploid cells that are completely different


What happens during Meiosis 1? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1. Homologous chromosomes
pair to form tetrads.
2. Crossing over (exchange of sections of genetic material) occurs at chiasmata.