Galen NUR 210 Pharmacology Exam | Questions and Answers Verified 100% | Latest Update

Galen NUR 210 Pharmacology Exam | Questions
and Answers Verified 100% | Latest Update

Valsartan (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)) Action - ✔✔-Inhibits binding of
angiotensin II to its receptor
-Inhibits angiotensin II (no vasoconstriction) and the release of Aldosterone (release sodium
and water - hold on to potassium)



Valsartan (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)) Uses - ✔✔-Hypertension
-Heart failure



Valsartan (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)) Contraindications - ✔✔-Pregnancy
-Lactating



Valsartan (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)) Interactions - ✔✔-Other
antihypertensives
-Alcohol
-aspirin can increase renal dysfunction/hyperkalemia
-OTC cold medications



Valsartan (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)) Side effects/adverse reactions - ✔✔-
Does not cause the cough of ACE inhibitors
-Dizzy, Drowsy, fatigue
-Insomnia, headache
-Orthostatic hypotension
-Hyperkalemia
-Hypoglycemia (rare)

,-Renal dysfunction



Types of Diuretics - ✔✔-Thiazide or Thiazide-like
-Loop or High-ceiling
-Osmotic
-Potassium Sparing



Diuretics that waste potassium - ✔✔-Thiazide diuretics (Hydrochlorothiazide)
-Loop diuretics (Furosemide)



Diuretics that spare potassium - ✔✔Spironolactone (potassium sparing diuretic)



Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide Diuretics) Action - ✔✔Action is in the Kidneys
-Promotes Na, K, and Water excretion
-Decreases Pre-Load and Cardiac Output
-Acts on Arterioles causing Vasodilation



Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide Diuretics) Uses - ✔✔-Treat Hypertesion
-Edema from Heart Failure
-Hepatic Cirrhosis



Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide Diuretics) Side effects/adverse reactions - ✔✔-Dizziness,
headache, weakness
-GI distress


-Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance
-Hypotension, Orthostatic Hypotension

,-Hyperglycemia
-Photosensitivity
-Hypokalemia, Dysrhythmias



Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide Diuretics) Contraindications - ✔✔-Renal Failure with Anuria
-Electrolyte Depletion


(Caution: Hepatic Dysfunction and Diabetes Mellitus)



Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide Diuretics) Interactions - ✔✔-Increased Digoxin toxicity with
Hypokalemia
-Anti-Diabetic Drugs
-Steroids



Furosemide (Loop diuretics) Action - ✔✔Inhibits water and sodium reabsorption, potassium,
magnesium, and calcium are also excreted



Furosemide (Loop diuretics) Uses - ✔✔-Treat fluid retention caused by heart failure
-Renal dysfunction
-Cirrhosis
-Hypertension
-Pulmonary Edema



Furosemide (Loop diuretics) Side effects/adverse reactions - ✔✔-GI distress


-Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
-Hypotension, orthostatic hypotension

, -Photosensitivity
-Hyperglycemia
-Hearing Loss (when IV pushing too fast)



Furosemide (Loop diuretics) Contraindications - ✔✔-Severe electrolyte imbalance
-Hypovolemia
-Allergy to sulfa drugs


(Caution: Heart Failure and Diabetes)



Furosemide (Loop diuretics) Interactions - ✔✔-Anticoagulants (Increased Bleeding)
-Steroids (Increased K Loss)
Digoxin if Hypokalemia is present



Beta adrenergic blockers end in - ✔✔-olol



Alpha-adrenergic blockers end in - ✔✔-sin



Calcium Channel Blockers end in - ✔✔-pine



Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors end in - ✔✔-pril



Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) end in - ✔✔-sartan or -tan



Physiological risk factors for hypertension - ✔✔-Excessive intake of saturated fat and simple
carbohydrates
-Alcohol: increases renin secretions