TEST BANK: COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING: Promoting The Public’s Health 10TH EDITION By: Cherie Rector; Mary Jo Stanley

Table of Contents: Unit 1—Foundations of Community/Public Health Nursing Chapter 1 The Journey Begins: Introduction Chapter 2 Public Health Nursing in the Community Chapter 3 History and Evolution of Public Health Nursing Chapter 4 Evidence-Based Practice and Ethics in Community/Public Health Chapter 5 Transcultural Nursing Unit 2—Public Health Essentials Chapter 6 Structure and Economics of Community/Public Health Services Chapter 7 Epidemiology in the Community Chapter 8 Communicable Disease Chapter 9 Environmental Health & Safety Unit 3—Community /Public Health Nursing Toolbox Chapter 10 Communication, Collaboration, and Technology Chapter 11 Health Promotion Through Education Chapter 12 Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating Community/Public Health Programs Chapter 13 Policy Making and Advocacy Unit 4 — The Health of Our Population Chapter 14 Family as Client Chapter 15 Community as Client Chapter 16 Global Health Nursing Chapter 17 Disasters and Their Impact Chapter 18 Violence & Abuse Unit 5—Aggregate Populations Chapter 19 Maternal-Child Health Chapter 20 School-Age Children and Adolescents Chapter 21 Adult Health Chapter 22 Older Adults Unit 6—Vulnerable Populations Chapter 23 Working with Vulnerable Populations Chapter 24 Clients with Disabilities Chapter 25 Behavioral Health in the Community Chapter 26 Homeless Populations Chapter 27 Rural, Migrant, and Urban Health Care Unit 7—Settings for Community/Public Health Nursing Chapter 28 Public Settings Chapter 29 Private Settings Chapter 30 Home Health and Hospice Care TEST BANK: COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING: Promoting The Public’s Health 10TH EDITION By: Cherie Rector; Mary Jo Stanley COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING 10TH EDITION RECTOR TEST BANK Chapter 1: The Journey Begins: Introduction 1. After teaching a group of nursing students about the similarities and differences between public health and community health, which of the following statements by a nursing student would indicate knowledge of the similarities and differences between public health and community health? A) <Community health nursing is defined as nursing care that is provided in a community setting, rather than an institutional setting.= B) <Public health nursing is defined as nursing care that is provided in an institutional setting.= C) <Public health nursing is focused on the health of individuals.= D) <Community health nursing can shape the quality of community health services and improve the health of the general public.= Ans: D Feedback: Operating within an environment of rapid change and increasingly complex challenges, this nursing specialty holds the potential to shape the quality of community health services and improve the health of the general public. 2. Which of the following statements would best describe the difference between public health nursing and community health nursing? A) Public health nursing is focused on the private aspects of health, and community health nursing is focused on the public aspects of health. B) In our textbook, the term community health practice refers to a focus on specific, designated communities and is a part of the larger public health effort. C) Public health nursing and community health nursing relate to the very same types of services and perspectives. D) Both public health nursing and community health nursing are practiced exclusively within institutions. Ans: B Feedback: In this textbook, community health practice refers to a focus on specific, designated communities. It is a part of the larger public health effort and recognizes the fundamental concepts and principles of public health as its birthright and foundation for practice. Public health nursing is focused on the public aspects of health. Public health nursing and community health nursing have distinctive types of services and perspectives. Neither public health nursing nor community health nursing is practiced exclusively within institutions. 3. Which of the following is most accurate about the concept of community? A) A community is a collection of people who share some important features of their lives. B) Community members live in the same geographic location. C) Community members are biologically related. D) A community is made up of people who do not necessarily interact with one another and do not necessarily share a sense of belonging to that group. Ans: A Feedback: The broad definition of a community is a collection of people who share some important features of their lives. Community members may not live in the same geographic location as in a common-interest community or a community of solution. A population is made up of people who do not necessarily interact with one another and do not necessarily share a sense of belonging to that group. 4. A group of students are reviewing material for a test on populations, communities, and aggregates. Which of the following indicates that the students understand these concepts? A) Members of a population share a sense of belonging. B) Communities and populations are types of aggregates. C) Individuals of a community are loosely connected. D) Members of an aggregate share a strong bond. Ans: B Feedback: An aggregate refers to a mass of grouping of distinct individuals who are considered as a whole and who are loosely associated with one another. Communities and populations are types of aggregates. A population is made up of people who do not necessarily interact with one another and do not necessarily share a sense of belonging to the group. A community is a collection of people who chose to interact with one another because of common interests, characteristics, or goals, which form the basis for a sense of unity or belonging. 5. Which of the following would a community health nurse identify as a community of common interest? A) The global community B) Small rural town in a northern state C) National professional organization D) Counties addressing water pollution Ans: C Feedback: A common-interest community shares a common interest or goal that binds the members together. Membership in a national professional organization is one example. The global community and a small rural town in a northern state would be examples of a geographic community. Counties addressing a water pollution problem would be an example of a community of solution. 6. The nurse is working with a community of solution. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find? A) A health problem affecting the group B) Common goal binding members together C) Sharing of a similar goal D) Locational boundaries Ans: A Feedback: A community of solution involves a group of people coming together to solve a problem that affects them. A common-interest community involves a collection of people widely scattered geographically who have an interest or goal that binds the members together. A geographical community is one defined by its geographical or locational boundaries. 7. Which one of the following statements made by a student would the nurse educator recognize as evidence that a student understands the health continuum? A) The distinction between health and illness is well demarcated. B) Illness refers to a state of being relatively unhealthy. C) The term health is limited to reflect an individual's state. D) Treatment of acute conditions reflects the current focus of health care. Ans: B Feedback: Although society typically depicts an absolute line of difference between being either well or ill, health is considered a relative term. Thus, illness is viewed as a state of being relatively unhealthy. Health is typically described as a continuum that involves a range of degrees from optimal health at one end to total disability or death at the other. The line of demarcation is not clear. Health applies to individuals, families, and communities. Traditionally, most health care has focused on the treatment of acute and chronic conditions at the illness end of the continuum, but this emphasis is shifting to focus on the wellness end. 8. When discussing the concept of the health continuum with a class, the nurse educator would be certain to include which statement in the description? A) Wellness is a relative concept, not an absolute, and illness is a state of being relatively unhealthy. B) A client's placement on the health continuum is static throughout time. C) Health is best described as cyclic. D) The health continuum can only be applied to individuals. Ans: A Feedback: Wellness is a relative concept, not an absolute, and illness is a state of being relatively unhealthy. The continuum can change. Because health involves a range of degrees from optimal health at one end to total disability or death at the other, it is often described as a continuum. The health continuum applies not only to individuals but also to families and communities. 9. After discussing the leading health indicators with a class, which condition if stated by the class as one of these indicators suggests that the class has understood the information? A) Cardiac disease B) Mental health C) Sedentary lifestyle D) Maternal health care Ans: B Feedback: Mental health is a leading health indicator. Other leading health indicators include physical activity, overweight and obesity, tobacco use, substance use, responsible sexual behavior, injury and violence, environmental quality, immunization, and access to health care. 10. Which of the following statements about health promotion and disease prevention is the most accurate? A) Health promotion and disease prevention include all efforts that seek to move people closer to optimal well-being or higher levels of wellness. B) Disease prevention differs from health promotion in that disease prevention is targeted toward a specific disease or diseases. C) Health promotion can be described in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. D) The goal of disease prevention is to raise levels of wellness for individuals, families, populations, and communities. Ans: B Feedback: Health promotion includes all efforts that seek to move people closer to optimal well- being or higher levels of wellness. The goal of health promotion is to raise levels of wellness for individuals, families, populations, and communities. Disease prevention is targeted toward a specific disease or diseases and consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. 11. A group of community health nursing students design a health education program for a group of pregnant teens that includes teaching nutrition during pregnancy, demonstrating helpful exercises, and discussing their concerns. This is an example of which of the following? A) Health promotion B) Treatment of disorders C) Rehabilitation D) Evaluation Ans: A Feedback: The student nurses are engaging in health promotion activities. Health promotion incorporates all efforts that seek to move people closer to optimal well-being or to higher levels of wellness. Treatment of disorders would include direct care for issues involving the group, such as complications that might arise in this population. Rehabilitation would involve activities to minimize disability or restore or preserve function. Evaluation would involve an analysis of the effectiveness of these activities. 12. plan of primary prevention activities. Which of the following might the nurse include? Select all that apply. A) Teaching about safe-sex practices to high school students B) Encouraging older adults to install safety devices in the bathroom C) Providing regular immunization programs for communicable diseases D) Participating in cholesterol screening programs at health fairs E) Providing skin testing for tuberculosis for children over 1 year of age F) Working with a group testing water samples for contamination Ans: A, B, C Feedback: Primary prevention activities are those taken to keep illness or injuries from occurring. These include teaching about safe-sex practices, encouraging older adults to use safety devices in the bathroom, and providing regular immunization programs for communicable diseases. Cholesterol screening programs, skin tests for tuberculosis, and working with a group testing water samples for contamination are examples of secondary prevention activities. 13. A community health nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of nursing students about community health nursing. Which of the following descriptions about community health nursing would the nurse most likely include in the presentation? A) Focusing on addressing continuous needs B) Working with the client as an equal partner C) Engaging in tertiary prevention as the priority D) Encouraging clients to reach out to the nurse Ans: B Feedback: The community health nurse works with the client as an equal partner, encouraging autonomy. At any time, the nurse deals with continuous and episodic needs simultaneously. Primary prevention is the priority for community health nurses. The community health nurse engages in primary prevention as the priority, having the obligation to actively reach out to all who might benefit from a specific activity or service. 14. A community health nurse is working with other members of a team that will be implementing a citywide immunization program. The nurse is coordinating the services and addressing the needs of the population groups to ensure which of the following? A) Involvement of the community B) Client participation C) Continuity of service D) Plan for follow-up Ans: C Feedback: Working in cooperation with other team members and coordinating services and addressing the needs of population groups are essential to interprofessional collaboration. In doing so, the community health nurse is preventing fragmentation and gaps thereby ensuring continuity of service. Involvement of the community and client participation are important but these help to ensure that the clients are viewed as equal partners of the health care team. A plan for follow-up may or may not be appropriate. In addition, it is the only aspect that may be addressed with the program. 15. A community health nurse works to ensure the greatest good for the greatest number of people by applying which of the following? A) Secondary prevention activities B) Autonomy C) Justice D) Utilitarianism Ans: D Feedback: The ethical theory of utilitarianism promotes the greatest good for the greatest number. Primary prevention activities, not secondary prevention, are the priority. Autonomy refers to the freedom of choice. Justice involves treating people fairly. 16. When working in the community, the community health nurse adopts the teaching plan to ensure that the population understands the basic information provided to address which of the following? A) Self-care B) Health disparities C) Health literacy D) Episodic needs Ans: C Feedback: Consumers are often intimated by health professionals and are uninformed about health and health care affecting the quality of care. Adopting a teaching plan to ensure that the population understands the basic information addresses health literacy, the ability to read, understand, and use health care information appropriately. Doing so helps to ensure that the teaching plan will be effective. Self-care refers to the process of taking responsibility for developing one's own health potential by actively participating in promoting one's own health. Health disparities reflect differences in all aspects of health care related to vulnerable populations. Episodic needs are one-time specific negative health events that arise and are not an expected part of life. 17. Which of the following would be crucial for the community health nurse to address as the priority when dealing with policy makers about the development of community health programs? A) Research-based best practices B) Population's make up C) Amount of services to be provided D) Scarcity of the available resources Ans: A Feedback: Decisions for programs or services are often made on the basis of cost-effectiveness or cost3benefit. Therefore, community health nurses must provide policy makers with information about best practices, grounded in research. Although population make up, amount of services to be provided, and scarcity of resources are factors that may need to be considered, the community health nurse must demonstrate evidence-based practice. 18. After a class that described the differences between acute care nursing and community health nursing, which statement by the class about community health nurses indicates successful teaching? A) Use a reactive approach. B) Seek out potential health problems. C) Concentrate on the illness end of the continuum. D) Emphasize curative care. Ans: B Feedback: Community health nurses, in contrast to acute care nurses, seek out potential health problems, identifying high-risk groups and instituting preventive programs; use a proactive approach; concentrate on the wellness end of the health continuum; and put less emphasis on curative care. 19. Which of the following activities would be associated with a community health nurse? Select all that apply. A) Examining infants in a city well-baby clinic B) Caring for elderly stroke victims in their homes C) Providing emergency care in an acute care facility D) Carrying out epidemiologic research E) Participating in health policy analysis Ans: A, B, D, E Feedback: Community health nurses work in every conceivable kind of community agency, from a state public health department to a community-based advocacy group. Their duties rang from examining infants in a well- baby clinic or teaching elderly stroke victims in their homes to carrying out epidemiologic research or engaging in health policy analysis and decision making. Providing care in an acute care facility would not be an activity associated with a community health nurse. 20. The term health can be described in many different ways. A community health nurse would view health as which of the following? A) The absence of disease B) The potential to lead a productive life C) An environment free of toxins D) A holistic state of well-being Ans: D Feedback: Community health nurses view health as a holistic state of well-being, which includes soundness of mind, body, and spirit. Along with this foundational view is the emphasis on wellness, which includes the definition of health as well as the capacity to develop a person's potential to lead a fulfilling and productive life. Health is more than just the absence of disease or an environment free of toxins. 21. While interviewing a client, which of the following statements would a nurse identify as reflecting an objective dimension of health? A) <I'm feeling better since I started taking that medication.= B) <Life is pretty good right now, except for an occasional upset stomach.= C) <I'm able to wash myself in the mornings with just a bit of help.= D) <Sometimes when I wake up, I don't even want to face the day.= Ans: C Feedback: The objective dimension of health involves one's ability to function in daily activities. The statement about being able to care for one's self is an example. The statements of feeling better with medication, life being pretty good, and not wanting to face the day are examples of the subjective dimension of health, which involves how people feel. 22. When employing a population-oriented focus, the community health nurse would do which of the following? A) Assess the groups' relationships looking for a common need. B) Consider the members individually for similarities. C) Focus on the geographical area of the population. D) Promote the groups' dependency for improving health. Ans: A Feedback: A population-oriented focus requires the assessment of relationships, considering the groups or communities in relationship to the rest of the community to discover common needs or risks for a common health problem. The nurse does not consider the groups or communities separately but rather in context. The population may or may not be delineated by the geographical area. The community health nurse encourages individuals' participation to promote their autonomy rather than permitting dependency. 23. A community health nurse is involved in a project to evaluate the health of a city. Which of the following findings would suggest that the city would most likely need additional programs? A) Citizens are actively involved in the city's department of recreation and after-school programs. B) The construction of affordable organized housing developments and communities is nearing completion. C) Approximately one third of the people are recently unemployed due to closure of the automotive factory. D) Several new recreational facilities for adults and children have been created at several locations. Ans: C Feedback: A healthy city is one in which there is continual creation and improvement the physical and social environments with expansion of community resources so that people can mutually support one another. It is characterized by the meeting of basic needs for all of the city's people. This would include food, water, shelter, income, safety, and work. Loss of employment of one third of the city's workforce would be a threat to the health of the city and necessitate intervention. Active involvement in the city's functioning, affordable housing, and recreational facilities are suggestive of a healthy city. Chapter 2 Public Health Nursing in the Community 1. A community health nurse is engaging in assurance activities. Which of the following would best explain these activities? A) Gathering and analyzing information that will affect the health of the people to be served B) Providing leadership in facilitating community groups toward meeting their needs, often involving changes in and additions to existing laws C) Being involved in activities to make certain that necessary services are being provided to the community D) Accessing relevant data that enable identification of strengths, weaknesses, and needs within the community Ans: C Feedback: Assurance activities are those activities that make certain that services are provided and include focusing on the availability of necessary health services throughout the community, maintaining the ability of public health agencies and private providers to manage day-to-day operations as well as the capacity to respond to critical situations and emergencies. Assessment involves gathering and analyzing information that will affect the health of those to be served and accessing relevant data to enable the nurse to identify strengths, weaknesses, and needs. Policy development involves providing leadership in facilitating community groups. 2. When fulfilling the function of assessment, which of the following would be most important for the community health nurse to do? A) Secure the trust of the clients B) Gather appropriate information C) Interact with key community leaders D) Use a variety of assessment tools Ans: A Feedback: Although securing and maintaining the trust of others is pivotal to all nursing practice, it is even more critical when working in the community. Trust can afford a nurse access to client populations that are difficult to engage, to agencies, and to health care providers. As difficult as it may be for the nurse to gain the trust and respect of the community, if it is ever lost, these attributes can be difficult if not impossible to regain. Gathering information, interacting with key community leaders, and using a variety of assessment tools are important, but they can only occur after trust is established. 3. The community health nurse is engaging in the core function of policy development. With which of the activities would the nurse most likely be involved? A) Monitoring health status to identify community health problems B) Empowering communities about important health issues C) Linking individuals to needed personal health services D) Ensuring a competent health care workforce is available Ans: B Feedback: With policy development, the community health nurse would be involved in informing, educating, and empowering people about health issues. Monitoring health status is associated with the assessment function. Linking individuals to needed personal health services and ensuring a competent public health and personal health care workforce are associated with assurance. 4. A community health nurse is collaborating with local community leaders to prepare a community disaster plan. Which function is the nurse fulfilling? A) Research B) Assurance C) Policy development D) Assessment Ans: B Feedback: Community health nurses perform the assurance function at the community level when they collaborate with community leaders in the preparation of a community disaster plan. Research is demonstrated by gaining new insights and innovative solutions to health problems. Policy development would involve client information, education and empowerment, mobilization of community partnerships, and the development of plans and policies to support community health efforts. Assessment involves monitoring health status for community health problems and diagnosing and investigating health problems and hazards in the community. 5. A community health nurse has collected data for several months on the birth weights of newborns to mothers who smoked throughout their pregnancy. This nurse is acting in which role? A) Collaborator B) Manager C) Researcher D) Clinician Ans: C Feedback: The nurse is assuming the role of a researcher, that is, engaging in systematic investigation that includes data collection. In the collaborator role, the nurse would work with numerous members of the health team, working jointly with others in a common endeavor. In the manager role, the nurse exercises administrative direction toward the accomplishment of specified goals. In the clinician role, the nurse ensures the provision of health care services to individuals, families, groups, and populations. 6. A nurse in community health nursing setting works with police officers, social workers, health educators, and other nurses to promote the health of clients. The nurse is acting in which role? A) Clinician B) Educator C) Researcher D) Collaborator Ans: D Feedback: The nurse is assuming the role of collaborator. In this role, the community health nurse works jointly with many individuals to benefit client care. In the clinician role, the nurse ensures the provision of health care services to individuals, families, groups, and populations. As an educator, the nurse is the health teacher and provides information to community clients. In the researcher role, the community health nurse engages in systematic investigation, collection, and analysis of data for solving problems and enhancing community health practice. 7. A community health nurse is interviewing for employment. The interviewer describes some of the typical activities that the nurse would be involved in, such as making home visits to families, holding immunization clinics for infants and children, and setting up flu-shot clinics for elders. The interviewer is describing which role? A) Educator B) Advocate C) Clinician D) Manager Ans: C Feedback: The interviewer is describing direct care activities associated with the clinician role. As an educator, the nurse is the health teacher and provides information to community clients. In the advocate role, the nurse pleads for the clients' cause or acts on their behalf. In the manager role, the nurse exercises administrative direction toward the accomplishment of specified goals. 8. A community health nurse is reviewing his or her schedule for the day. Included in his or her activities are planning client care, leading a staff conference, and supervising a new staff member. This nurse is fulfilling which role? A) Advocate B) Manager C) Collaborator D) Researcher Ans: B Feedback: When functioning in the manager role, the nurse exercises administrative direction toward the accomplishment of specified goals. Overseeing client care as a case manager, supervising ancillary staff, managing caseloads, running clinics, or conducting community health needs assessment projects are examples of activities associated with the manager role. In the advocate role, the nurse pleads for the clients' cause or acts on their behalf. In the collaborator role, the nurse would work with numerous members of the health team, working jointly with others in a common endeavor. In the researcher role, the community health nurse engages in systematic investigation, collection, and analysis of data for solving problems and enhancing community health practice. 9. While providing care to a family at a local center, the community health nurse contacts the local department of social services to help the family attain assistance with health insurance coverage. The nurse also gives the family a list of pharmacies where they can get their prescriptions filled. The nurse is acting in which role? A) Educator B) Leader C) Clinician D) Advocate Ans: D Feedback: The nurse is acting in the role of advocate, by pleading their cause and acting on their behalf. The nurse acts as an advocate by showing clients what services are available, the ones to which they are entitled, and how to obtain them. As an educator, the nurse is the health teacher and provides information to community clients. As a leader, the nurse directs, influences, or persuades others to effect change that will positively impact people's health and move them toward a goal. In the clinician role, the nurse ensures the provision of health care services to individuals, families, groups, and populations. 10. Which of the following best exemplifies the attributes of a community health nurse in the researcher role? A) Gaining the trust and respect of the staff members B) Interpreting abstract ideas so others can understand C) Implementing a staff development program for a technique D) Evaluating the correlation between variables in specific health conditions Ans: D Feedback: Attributes of a researcher include a spirit of inquiry, careful observation, analytic skills, such as evaluating the possible cause and effect of a situation, and tenacity. Gaining the trust and respect of staff, interpreting abstract ideas, and implementing a staff development program are examples of the management skills used in the role of manager. 11. Which of the following statements about the role of educator within the framework of public health nursing functions is true? A) The educator role has the potential for finding greater receptivity and providing higher- yield results. B) People are unable to recognize the value of health and are not well motivated to achieve higher levels of wellness. C) It is only possible for a nurse to reach a limited number of persons. D) The public's higher level of health consciousness hinders the educator's role. Ans: A Feedback: The educator role has the potential for finding greater receptivity and providing higher- yield results. People are recognizing the value of health and are increasingly motivated to achieve higher levels of wellness. With an emphasis on populations and aggregates, the educational efforts of community health nursing are appropriately targeted to reach many people. One factor that enhances the educator role is the public's higher level of health consciousness. 12. Which of the following statements about the importance of the role of collaborator is true? A) Community health nurses frequently practice in isolation. B) Successful community health practice depends on multidisciplinary collegiality and leadership. C) Community health nurses must assert themselves as the most powerful person on the health care team to ensure each client receives services that are necessary. D) It is best for community health nurses to focus on what they, as nurses, can do for their clients. Ans: B Feedback: Community health nurses seldom practice in isolation. As collaborators, nurses work jointly with others in a common endeavor, cooperating as partners. Successful community health practice depends on multidisciplinary collegiality and leadership. The community health nurse's collaborator role requires skills in communicating, in interpreting the nurse's unique contribution to the team, and in acting assertively as an equal partner. 13. Which of the following statements about the community health nurse's selection and practice of each role is true? A) Within a given time, a community health nurse may practice multiple roles. B) The knowledge that vulnerable populations need someone to guide them through the complexities of the health care system and the nurse can serve as an advocate for them C) The researcher role for community health nurses involves only the use of quantitative statistics. D) The leadership role consists solely of managing staff. Ans: B Feedback: Community health nurses wear many hats while conducting day-to-day practice. At any given time, however, one role is primary. They need someone to guide them through the complexities of the system and assure the satisfaction of their needs. This is particularly true for minorities and disadvantaged groups. Although research technically involves a complex set of activities conducted by persons with highly developed and specialized skills, research also means applying that technical study to real-practice situations. As leaders, community health nurses seek to initiate changes that positively affect people's health. 14. A community health nurse is involved in education, screening, referral, and support for the individuals of a specific religious congregation. The nurse is practicing in which setting? A) Occupational health nursing B) Faith community nursing C) School nursing D) Residential institution nursing Ans: B Feedback: In faith community nursing, the practice focal point is the faith community and the religious belief system provided by the philosophical framework. It may be called church-based health promotion, parish nursing, or primary care parish nursing practice. Occupational health nursing occurs in business and industry settings. School nursing, as the name implies, involves practicing in the school system, including from preschools to colleges and universities.