SRM Exam 3
Sex - correct answer ✔✔Biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women
Gender - correct answer ✔✔Socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given
society considers appropriate for men and women
Title IX - correct answer ✔✔U.S. law prohibiting gender discrimination in schools that receive federal
funds through grants, scholarships, or other support for students
1.Provide athletic participation opportunities that are substantially proportionate to undergraduate
enrollment.
2.Demonstrate a continual expansion of athletic opportunities for the underrepresented sex.
3.Fully accommodate the interests and abilities of the underrepresented sex. - correct answer ✔✔Title
IX Three-prong Test:
•Budget cuts and privatization of sport programs
•Resistance to government regulations
•Few models of women in position of power
•A cultural emphasis on "cosmetic fitness" for women
•Trivialization of women's sports
•Male-dominated / identified / centered sport organizations - correct answer ✔✔Setbacks to the growth
of women in sport:
•Social life is pervasively gendered
•Sports are gendered activities grounded primarily in the values and experiences of men with power and
influence
•Research focuses how sport reproduces gendered ideas and practices related to physicality, sexuality,
and the body
•Challenge aspects of sports that systematically privilege men over women
, •Expose and transform oppressive forms of sexism and homophobia in sports
•Use sport as sites to empower women and promote the notion of partnership and competition with
others - correct answer ✔✔Feminist Theory:
•JMU cut sports in 2006
•Cut 7 men's sports: swimming, cross country, indoor/outdoor track, gymnastics, wrestling, archery
•Cut 3 women's sports: gymnastics, fencing, archery
•Female athlete representation boosted from 50% to 61%, matching university enrollment - correct
answer ✔✔JMU Case Study:
-Texas A&M "Chalk Talk"
-Buffalo, Wyoming High School "Hurt Feelings" Report - correct answer ✔✔Examples of resistance to
women in sports:
inclusive masculinity - correct answer ✔✔heterosexual males accepting to homosexuality
Homohysteria - correct answer ✔✔heterosexual men's fear of being publicly homosexualized
•Publicly failing to adhere to heteromasculine boundaries then homosexualizes men
•In high homohysteria, males tend to express homophobic and sexist attitudes to "raise their masculine
capital"
•Knowing a gay male reduces heterosexual prejudice (Contact Theory) - correct answer ✔✔Elements of
Homohysteria:
Intersex - correct answer ✔✔The term "intersex" is used to describe variations in sex characteristics in
someone who does not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies
1. the effect of a gay male soccer player coming out to his teammates
2. the effect of having an openly gay researcher in the field - correct answer ✔✔Two aspects explored by
Adams and Anderson in homosexuality and sport:
Sex - correct answer ✔✔Biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women
Gender - correct answer ✔✔Socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given
society considers appropriate for men and women
Title IX - correct answer ✔✔U.S. law prohibiting gender discrimination in schools that receive federal
funds through grants, scholarships, or other support for students
1.Provide athletic participation opportunities that are substantially proportionate to undergraduate
enrollment.
2.Demonstrate a continual expansion of athletic opportunities for the underrepresented sex.
3.Fully accommodate the interests and abilities of the underrepresented sex. - correct answer ✔✔Title
IX Three-prong Test:
•Budget cuts and privatization of sport programs
•Resistance to government regulations
•Few models of women in position of power
•A cultural emphasis on "cosmetic fitness" for women
•Trivialization of women's sports
•Male-dominated / identified / centered sport organizations - correct answer ✔✔Setbacks to the growth
of women in sport:
•Social life is pervasively gendered
•Sports are gendered activities grounded primarily in the values and experiences of men with power and
influence
•Research focuses how sport reproduces gendered ideas and practices related to physicality, sexuality,
and the body
•Challenge aspects of sports that systematically privilege men over women
, •Expose and transform oppressive forms of sexism and homophobia in sports
•Use sport as sites to empower women and promote the notion of partnership and competition with
others - correct answer ✔✔Feminist Theory:
•JMU cut sports in 2006
•Cut 7 men's sports: swimming, cross country, indoor/outdoor track, gymnastics, wrestling, archery
•Cut 3 women's sports: gymnastics, fencing, archery
•Female athlete representation boosted from 50% to 61%, matching university enrollment - correct
answer ✔✔JMU Case Study:
-Texas A&M "Chalk Talk"
-Buffalo, Wyoming High School "Hurt Feelings" Report - correct answer ✔✔Examples of resistance to
women in sports:
inclusive masculinity - correct answer ✔✔heterosexual males accepting to homosexuality
Homohysteria - correct answer ✔✔heterosexual men's fear of being publicly homosexualized
•Publicly failing to adhere to heteromasculine boundaries then homosexualizes men
•In high homohysteria, males tend to express homophobic and sexist attitudes to "raise their masculine
capital"
•Knowing a gay male reduces heterosexual prejudice (Contact Theory) - correct answer ✔✔Elements of
Homohysteria:
Intersex - correct answer ✔✔The term "intersex" is used to describe variations in sex characteristics in
someone who does not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies
1. the effect of a gay male soccer player coming out to his teammates
2. the effect of having an openly gay researcher in the field - correct answer ✔✔Two aspects explored by
Adams and Anderson in homosexuality and sport:
