SPC bsc 2085 Lab Practical #1 Questions + Answers Graded A+

Distal - ️️Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk Frontal/Coronal Plane - ️️Divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections Sagittal Plane - ️️Divides the body into left and right halves Transverse/Horizontal Plane - ️️Divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) halves Superior (cranial) - ️️Towards the head end or upper part of a structure or body; above ex: The head is superior to the abdomen What is the Anatomical Position? - ️️Standing up straight, looking ahead, with the palms facing forward Inferior (caudal) - ️️Away from the head end or toward the lower end of a structure or the body; below ex: The navel is inferior to the chin Ventral (anterior) - ️️Toward or at the front of the body; in front of ex: The breastbone is ventral(anterior) to the spine Dorsal (posterior) - ️️Toward or at the back of the body; behind ex: The heart is dorsal(posterior) to the breastbone Medial - ️️Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of ex: The heart is medial to the arm Lateral - ️️Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of ex: The arms are lateral to the chest Intermediate - ️️Between and more medial and a more lateral structureex: The collar bone is intermediate to the breastbone and shoulder Proximal - ️️Closer to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk ex: the elbow is proximal to the wrist ex: the knee is distal to the thigh Superficial (external) - ️️Toward or at the body surface ex: the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles Deep (internal) - ️️Away from the body surface; more internal ex: the lungs are deep to the skin What are the two body cavities? - ️️Dorsal Cavity and Ventral Cavity Dorsal Cavity - ️️Houses and protects the brain and spinal cord Ventral Cavity - ️️Houses and protects the internal organs (heart, lungs, stomach) Cranial Cavity - ️️contains the brain Vertebral Cavity - ️️Contains the spinal cord What are the subdivisions of the Ventral Cavity? - ️️The thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity Thoracic Cavity - ️️Contains the superior mediastinum, pleural cavity, and the pericardial cavity within the mediastinum Abdominopelvic cavity - ️️Contains the digestive visera, and the urinary bladder, reproductive organs and rectum Where are the serous membranes located? - ️️In the organs of the ventral cavity Serous Membranes - ️️A thin double layered membrane; the layer adhering to the organ is called the visercal serosa and the layer adhering to the body wall is the parietalserosa. The layers are separated by a thin layer of serous fluid, which helps to reduce friction between the membrane ex: think of a fist in a ballon--the outer ball wall is the parietal serosa, the air is the serous fluid, and the inter balloon wall is the viseral serosa Right Upper Quadrant (left upper side of pic) - ️️Contains the liver and gallbladder Left Upper Quadrant (right upper side of pic) - ️️Contains the stomach and spleen Right Lower Quadrant (left lower side of pic) - ️️Contains the colon Left Lower Quadrant (right lower side of pic) - ️️Contains the large intestine What are the 10 body systems? - ️️integumentary, skeletal, lymphatic,muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine,digestive, reproductive,urinary Integumentary System - ️️Protects deeper tissues from injury, synthesizes vitamin D ex: Hair, Skin, Nails Skeletal System - ️️protects and supports body organs, framework for the muscles ex: joints, bones Muscular System - ️️maintains posture, and produces heat ex: skeletal muscles Nervous System - ️️control system of the body, activating appropriate muscles and glands ex: spinal cord, nerves, brain Endocrine System - ️️secrete hormones that regulate growth ex: thymus, pancreas Cardiovascular System - ️️transport blood which carries oxygen, CO2, waste ex: blood vessels, heart Lymphatic System - ️️picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to bloodex: spleen, lymph nodes Digestive System - ️️breaks down food into absorbable units ex: stomach, liver Urinary System - ️️eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body ex: urinary bladder, urethra