Final Exam)NR 565: NR 565 Pharmacology Final Exam :Study Guide: Updated APlus Guide Solution

Drugs that Reduce Theophylline Levels (CYP3A Inducers) (Ans - Phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin; May need to increase drug level if given in conjunction; Increase metabolism rate of target drug; Drugs that Increase Theophylline Levels (CYP3A Inhibitors) (Ans - Cimetidine, fluoroquinolone antibiotics; May need to reduce drug level if given in conjunction; These drugs will increase AE associated w/ target drug due to prolonged activity and decreased metabolism of target drug. Theophylline Lifespan Concerns (Ans - Elderly patients: Use with extreme caution in elderly patients as these patients are at an increased risk of serious toxicity. Pediatric patients: Dose selection requires caution, and regular monitoring of concentrations is necessary (especially if the child is younger than 1 year of age) as the rate of clearance varies significantly in these patients. Pregnancy: Use cautiously only if risk outweighs benefit Roflumilast (Daliresp) (Ans - phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor (PDE) approved for the treatment of COPD (and not asthma) Roflumilast MOA (Ans - selective action that inactivates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) which results in decreased cytokine release and subsequent lower levels of pulmonary infiltration by neutrophils and other white blood cells Roflumilast (Daliresp) Indication Ans - not a first-line drug treatment and is reserved for severe cases of COPD with a primary component of chronic bronchitis.