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NDAEB PREP Exam Study Guide.
Aerobes - answer✔Bacteria that require oxygen to grow
Anaerobes (AN-uh-roebz) - answer✔Bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen
Bacilli (singular,bacillus) - answer✔Rod shaped bacteria that cause tuberculosis and other
diseases
Candida - answer✔A yeast commonly found in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female
genital tract and sometimes in skin
Chancre - answer✔Painless ulcerating sore
Cocci - answer✔Spherical bacteria cells that reproduce by dividing into two
Endospores - answer✔A resistant, dormant structure formed inside of some bacteria that can
withstand adverse conditions
Gram negative - answer✔Classification of bacteria that do not hold a dye stain under a
microscope
Gram positive - answer✔Classification of bacteria that hold a dye stain and appear dark purple
under a microscpoe
, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025
Grams stain - answer✔Four step staining process developed by Hans Christian Gram and used to
separate bacteria into groups
Herpesvirus - answer✔Virus that causes infections in humans, such as herpes, cytomegalovirus,
chicken pox, shingles, mononucleosis, measles
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus - answer✔Type of staph infection that is resistant to
several common antibiotics
Percutaneous - answer✔Through the skin such as a needle stick, a cut, or a human bite
Spirochetes - answer✔Spiral shaped bacteria
Virus - answer✔Ultramicroscopic infectious agents that contain DNA or RNA
Hepatitis
(Source of Virus, Route of Transmission, Prevention) - answer✔A- Fecal oral, No Vaccine
B-Blood and body fluids, Percutaneous and mucosal tissues, Yes Immunization
C-Blood and body fluids, Percutaneous and mucosal tissues, Preform bold donor screening,
modify risky behaviour
D-Blood and body fluids, Percutaneous and mucosal tissues, HBV vaccine
E-Fecal oral, Ensure safe drinking water
Symptoms of Hepatitis A,B,C - answer✔Fatigue, loss of appetite, Nausea, abdominal
discomfort, dark urine, clay coloured bowel movements, yellowing of the skin (jaundice)
, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025
Herpes.
Type 1
Type 2
Herpes zoster virus (HZV) - answer✔Type 1- causes primarily oral lesions
Type 2- causes primarily genital lesions
HZV- causes shingles, and chicken pox
Syphilis - answer✔STD caused by Treponema palladium spirochetes.
1st stage-Presence of painless chancre (infectious on contact).
2nd stage-Comes an open sore (infectious). signs are split papule at the corners of the mouth,
Greyish-white moist mucous patches on the tongue, roof of mouth, tonsils or inner surfaces of
the lips.
3rd stage- latent syphilis is usually fatal and may occur after the disease has been dominant for
20 years.
Acute infection - answer✔infection of short duration that is often severe
Chronic infection - answer✔A infection of long duration
Droplet infection - answer✔An infection occurs through musical surfaces of the eyes, nose or
mouth
Indirect contact - answer✔Touching or contact with a contaminated surface or instrument
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Latent Infection - answer✔Persistant infection with recurrent symptoms that come and go
Chain of infection - answer✔1) Infectious agent
2) Reservoir
3) Portal of exit
4) Mode of transmission
5) Portal of entry
6) Susceptible host
Antiseptic - answer✔Used for antimicrobial (organism killing) agents that are applied to living
tissue
Disinfectant - answer✔Are chemicals that destroy or inactivate most species of pathogenic
(disease causing) microorganisms
7 Steps in Reprocessing instruments - answer✔1) Transport
2) Cleaning
3) Packaging
4) Sterilization
5) Storage
6) Delivery
NDAEB PREP Exam Study Guide.
Aerobes - answer✔Bacteria that require oxygen to grow
Anaerobes (AN-uh-roebz) - answer✔Bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen
Bacilli (singular,bacillus) - answer✔Rod shaped bacteria that cause tuberculosis and other
diseases
Candida - answer✔A yeast commonly found in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female
genital tract and sometimes in skin
Chancre - answer✔Painless ulcerating sore
Cocci - answer✔Spherical bacteria cells that reproduce by dividing into two
Endospores - answer✔A resistant, dormant structure formed inside of some bacteria that can
withstand adverse conditions
Gram negative - answer✔Classification of bacteria that do not hold a dye stain under a
microscope
Gram positive - answer✔Classification of bacteria that hold a dye stain and appear dark purple
under a microscpoe
, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025
Grams stain - answer✔Four step staining process developed by Hans Christian Gram and used to
separate bacteria into groups
Herpesvirus - answer✔Virus that causes infections in humans, such as herpes, cytomegalovirus,
chicken pox, shingles, mononucleosis, measles
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus - answer✔Type of staph infection that is resistant to
several common antibiotics
Percutaneous - answer✔Through the skin such as a needle stick, a cut, or a human bite
Spirochetes - answer✔Spiral shaped bacteria
Virus - answer✔Ultramicroscopic infectious agents that contain DNA or RNA
Hepatitis
(Source of Virus, Route of Transmission, Prevention) - answer✔A- Fecal oral, No Vaccine
B-Blood and body fluids, Percutaneous and mucosal tissues, Yes Immunization
C-Blood and body fluids, Percutaneous and mucosal tissues, Preform bold donor screening,
modify risky behaviour
D-Blood and body fluids, Percutaneous and mucosal tissues, HBV vaccine
E-Fecal oral, Ensure safe drinking water
Symptoms of Hepatitis A,B,C - answer✔Fatigue, loss of appetite, Nausea, abdominal
discomfort, dark urine, clay coloured bowel movements, yellowing of the skin (jaundice)
, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025
Herpes.
Type 1
Type 2
Herpes zoster virus (HZV) - answer✔Type 1- causes primarily oral lesions
Type 2- causes primarily genital lesions
HZV- causes shingles, and chicken pox
Syphilis - answer✔STD caused by Treponema palladium spirochetes.
1st stage-Presence of painless chancre (infectious on contact).
2nd stage-Comes an open sore (infectious). signs are split papule at the corners of the mouth,
Greyish-white moist mucous patches on the tongue, roof of mouth, tonsils or inner surfaces of
the lips.
3rd stage- latent syphilis is usually fatal and may occur after the disease has been dominant for
20 years.
Acute infection - answer✔infection of short duration that is often severe
Chronic infection - answer✔A infection of long duration
Droplet infection - answer✔An infection occurs through musical surfaces of the eyes, nose or
mouth
Indirect contact - answer✔Touching or contact with a contaminated surface or instrument
, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025
Latent Infection - answer✔Persistant infection with recurrent symptoms that come and go
Chain of infection - answer✔1) Infectious agent
2) Reservoir
3) Portal of exit
4) Mode of transmission
5) Portal of entry
6) Susceptible host
Antiseptic - answer✔Used for antimicrobial (organism killing) agents that are applied to living
tissue
Disinfectant - answer✔Are chemicals that destroy or inactivate most species of pathogenic
(disease causing) microorganisms
7 Steps in Reprocessing instruments - answer✔1) Transport
2) Cleaning
3) Packaging
4) Sterilization
5) Storage
6) Delivery
