150+ of the most common Pediatrics Bundle Questions with Elaborated Answers seen on the NCLEX® The Complete NCLEX Pediatrics Nursing Bundle Flashcards Updated 2025 Version.

1. Pediatric Vital Signs Q1: What is the normal range for a resting heart rate in a 2-year-old child? A) 60-100 bpm B) 80-120 bpm C) 100-140 bpm D) 120-160 bpm Answer: B) 80-120 bpm Elaboration: The normal resting heart rate for toddlers (1-3 years) is typically between 80 and 120 beats per minute. 2. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development Q2: At what stage of Piaget's cognitive development do children begin to think logically about concrete events? A) Sensorimotor B) Preoperational C) Concrete operational D) Formal operational Answer: C) Concrete operational Elaboration: Children in the concrete operational stage (ages 7-11) can think logically about concrete events but struggle with abstract concepts. 3. Variations in Pediatric Anatomy & Physiology Q3: Why are pediatric patients more prone to dehydration compared to adults? A) Higher total body water content B) Lower metabolic rate C) Higher surface area-to-volume ratio D) Slower renal function Answer: C) Higher surface area-to-volume ratio Elaboration: Children have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which leads to greater fluid loss, making them more susceptible to dehydration. 4. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Q4: Which of the following is a recommended intervention to reduce the risk of SIDS? A) Place the baby on their stomach to sleep B) Use soft bedding C) Breastfeed the baby D) Co-sleeping with the infant Answer: C) Breastfeed the baby Elaboration: Breastfeeding has been associated with a reduced risk of SIDS. Infants should be placed on their backs to sleep on a firm surface with no soft bedding. 5. Neural Tube Defects Q5: What is the most critical time for neural tube development in a fetus? A) First trimester B) Second trimester C) Third trimester D) At birth Answer: A) First trimester Elaboration: Neural tube defects occur during the first trimester, making folic acid supplementation crucial for pregnant women during this period to prevent such defects. 6. Bronchiolitis (RSV) Q6: Which symptom is most characteristic of bronchiolitis caused by RSV in infants? A) Barking cough B) Stridor C) Wheezing D) High fever Answer: C) Wheezing Elaboration: Wheezing is a common symptom in infants with bronchiolitis due to RSV, as it causes inflammation and mucus production in the airways. 7. Reye Syndrome Q7: Which medication should be avoided in children due to the risk of Reye syndrome? A) Acetaminophen B) Ibuprofen C) Aspirin D) Antibiotics Answer: C) Aspirin Elaboration: Aspirin is contraindicated in children, especially during viral infections, as it can lead to Reye syndrome, a serious condition affecting the liver and brain. 8. Intussusception Q8: What is the classic symptom of intussusception in a child? A) Fever B) Abdominal pain with "currant jelly" stools C) Constipation D) Diarrhea Answer: B) Abdominal pain with "currant jelly" stools Elaboration: Intussusception often presents with severe abdominal pain and may lead to "currant jelly" stools, indicating the presence of blood and mucus. 9. Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Q9: Which assessment finding is most indicative of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants? A) Projectile vomiting B) Jaundice C) Abdominal distension D) Low-grade fever Answer: A) Projectile vomiting Elaboration: Infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis commonly exhibit projectile vomiting due to the obstruction caused by the thickened pyloric muscle. 10. Epiglottitis Q10: What position might a child with epiglottitis prefer to be in? A) Supine B) Prone C) Tripod position D) Lateral recumbent Answer: C) Tripod position Elaboration: Children with epiglottitis often prefer the tripod position (sitting up and leaning forward) to ease breathing and airway obstruction. 11. Laryngotracheobronchitis “Croup” Q11: Which treatment is commonly used for mild croup? A) Corticosteroids B) Antibiotics C) Epinephrine D) Humidified air Answer: D) Humidified air Elaboration: Mild croup can often be treated at home with humidified air to ease breathing. Corticosteroids may be used for moderate to severe cases. 12. Fever Management Q12: At what temperature should a pediatric patient be considered to have a fever? A) 98.6°F (37°C) B) 100.4°F (38°C) C) 101°F (38.3°C) D) 102.2°F (39°C) Answer: B) 100.4°F (38°C) Elaboration: A temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher is generally considered a fever in pediatric patients. 13. Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Q13: Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of cystic fibrosis? A) Frequent ear infections B) Thick, sticky mucus production C) Shortness of breath D) Dry skin Answer: B) Thick, sticky mucus production Elaboration: Cystic fibrosis is characterized by the production of thick, sticky mucus that can lead to respiratory and digestive issues. 14. Manifestations of CF Q14: Which gastrointestinal complication is commonly associated with cystic fibrosis? A) Constipation B) Pancreatic insufficiency C) Gastroesophageal reflux D) Peptic ulcer disease Answer: B) Pancreatic insufficiency Elaboration: Many patients with cystic fibrosis experience pancreatic insufficiency due to blocked pancreatic ducts, leading to malabsorption of nutrients. 15. Fetal Circulation in Utero Q15: Which structure allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs? A) Foramen ovale B) Ductus arteriosus C) Umbilical vein D) Pulmonary artery Answer: B) Ductus arteriosus Elaboration: The ductus arteriosus is a vessel that allows blood to bypass the non-functioning fetal lungs, connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta. 16. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hips (DDH) Q16: Which test is commonly used to assess for developmental dysplasia of the hips in infants? A) Ortolani test B) Babinski reflex C) Moro reflex D) Grasp reflex Answer: A) Ortolani test Elaboration: The Ortolani test is a physical examination maneuver used to detect hip dislocation or instability in infants, indicating potential DDH. 17. Scarlet Fever Q17: What is a classic sign of scarlet fever? A) Maculopapular rash B) Strawberry tongue C) Fever >102°F (38.9°C) D) Lymphadenopathy Answer: B) Strawberry tongue Elaboration: A "strawberry tongue" appearance is a classic manifestation of scarlet fever, often accompanied by a red rash and fever. 18. Pediatric Milestones (1 month - 5 years) Q18: At what age should a child typically be able to stack two blocks? A) 9 months B) 12 months C) 18 months D) 24 months Answer: C) 18 months Elaboration: By 18 months, most children can stack two blocks, indicating fine motor skill development. 19. Fine Motor Skills Q19: At what age should a child be able to scribble spontaneously? A) 12 months B) 15 months C) 18 months D) 2 years Answer: C) 18 months Elaboration: Children typically begin to scribble spontaneously around 18 months, marking an important milestone in fine motor skill development. 20. Gross Motor Skills Q20: At what age should a child typically be able to walk independently? A) 9 months B) 12 months C) 15 months D) 18 months Answer: B) 12 months Elaboration: Most children take their first steps and walk independently around 12 months of age, showcasing their gross motor skill development.