Test Bank For Focus on Nursing
Pharmacology 9th Edition by Amy
Karch Chapter 1-59 | Complete Guide
2023.
Pharmacodynamics
Key word: CHANGE
-the study of the interactions between the chemical components of living organisms
(patients) and foreign chemicals (drugs) being entered into the body
-"how does it change the patients chemistry/body ?"
-method of action
What are the four drug actions?
-replace or act as a substitute for missing chemicals
-increase or stimulate certain cellular activities
- depress or slow cellular activities
- interfere with the functioning of foreign cells
Agonist receptor
binds to a receptor site, stimulates a response (ex- epinephrine stimulates heart rate)
Antagonist receptor
substances or drugs that attach to receptors and prevent them from being activated
competitive antagonist
Drug competes with the agonist for binding to the receptor. If it binds, there is no
response.
Non-competitive antagonist
Binds to a site different from the agonist changing the receptor site; not allowing the
agonist to bind
Pharmacokinetics
the study of drug movement throughout the body
absorption
distribution
, metabolism
excretion
What is the nurse's responsibility in pharmacology? (5 steps)
1. administer the drug
2. assess drug effects
3. intervening where needed to make more tolerable
4.providing patient teachings about drugs and the drug regimen
5.monitoring the overall patient care plan to prevent med errors
examples of inorganic compounds used as drugs
aluminum, fluoride, iron, and gold
preclinical trials
Chemicals tested on laboratory animals
phase 1 study
a pilot study of a potential drug using a small number of selected, usually healthy
human volunteers
phase 2 study
drugs tested on informed patients with the disease
phase 3 study
Drug used in vast clinical market
phase IV study
continuous evaluation of a drug after it has been released for marketing
in order to be marketed, drugs must be evaluated and approved by the _?
FDA
generic drug
usually named for its chemical structure and is not protected by a brand name or
trademark
brand-name drug
a drug with a registered name or trademark given to a drug by a pharmaceutical
company
what occurred in 1938?
Federal Food Drug and cosmetic act
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
Mandated tests for drug toxicity and provided means for recall of drugs; established
procedures for introducing new drugs; gave FDA the power of enforcement
Controlled Substances Act of 1970
Control over the coding of drugs and the enforcement of these codes to the FDA and
the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)
Orphan Drug Act of 1983
Provided incentives for the development of orphan drugs for treatment of rare diseases
Orphan drugs
Drugs that have been discovered, but are not financially viable and therefore have not
been "adopted" by any drug company
Generic name vs Brand/trade name vs chemical name
refer to image
Pharmacology 9th Edition by Amy
Karch Chapter 1-59 | Complete Guide
2023.
Pharmacodynamics
Key word: CHANGE
-the study of the interactions between the chemical components of living organisms
(patients) and foreign chemicals (drugs) being entered into the body
-"how does it change the patients chemistry/body ?"
-method of action
What are the four drug actions?
-replace or act as a substitute for missing chemicals
-increase or stimulate certain cellular activities
- depress or slow cellular activities
- interfere with the functioning of foreign cells
Agonist receptor
binds to a receptor site, stimulates a response (ex- epinephrine stimulates heart rate)
Antagonist receptor
substances or drugs that attach to receptors and prevent them from being activated
competitive antagonist
Drug competes with the agonist for binding to the receptor. If it binds, there is no
response.
Non-competitive antagonist
Binds to a site different from the agonist changing the receptor site; not allowing the
agonist to bind
Pharmacokinetics
the study of drug movement throughout the body
absorption
distribution
, metabolism
excretion
What is the nurse's responsibility in pharmacology? (5 steps)
1. administer the drug
2. assess drug effects
3. intervening where needed to make more tolerable
4.providing patient teachings about drugs and the drug regimen
5.monitoring the overall patient care plan to prevent med errors
examples of inorganic compounds used as drugs
aluminum, fluoride, iron, and gold
preclinical trials
Chemicals tested on laboratory animals
phase 1 study
a pilot study of a potential drug using a small number of selected, usually healthy
human volunteers
phase 2 study
drugs tested on informed patients with the disease
phase 3 study
Drug used in vast clinical market
phase IV study
continuous evaluation of a drug after it has been released for marketing
in order to be marketed, drugs must be evaluated and approved by the _?
FDA
generic drug
usually named for its chemical structure and is not protected by a brand name or
trademark
brand-name drug
a drug with a registered name or trademark given to a drug by a pharmaceutical
company
what occurred in 1938?
Federal Food Drug and cosmetic act
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
Mandated tests for drug toxicity and provided means for recall of drugs; established
procedures for introducing new drugs; gave FDA the power of enforcement
Controlled Substances Act of 1970
Control over the coding of drugs and the enforcement of these codes to the FDA and
the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)
Orphan Drug Act of 1983
Provided incentives for the development of orphan drugs for treatment of rare diseases
Orphan drugs
Drugs that have been discovered, but are not financially viable and therefore have not
been "adopted" by any drug company
Generic name vs Brand/trade name vs chemical name
refer to image
