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IFSI S3 UE 2.5 Arthrite infectieuse

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Arthrite infectieuse

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Uploaded on
October 1, 2024
Number of pages
2
Written in
2024/2025
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Chu nantes
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Cours s3 2.5

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2.5 Processus inflammatoire et infectieux




Arthrite infectieuse
date 30/09/2024




Germe responsable dans l’articulation atteinte 
Arthrite d’origine bactérienne 
Évolution grave (locale et générale) si retard traitement

1°ARTHRITE PURULENTE
La plus fréquente, arthrite staphylococcique
A) ETIOLOGIE 
mécanismes
- Hématogène : origine « métastatique »,(panaris, abcès,...)
- Inoculation directe : injection cortisonique intra-articulaire (défaut d’asepsie)
- Ostéite (ostéo-arthrite): infection sur prothèse articulaire (hanche) 
germe staphylocoque doré 
siège : genou ++, hanche, épaule 
terrain fragile, immuno-déprimé

B) SIGNES CLINIQUES 
Tableau aigu, inflammation articulaire vive 
Signes inflammatoires locaux : Rougeur, chaleur douleur. 
Signes généraux : Fièvre, frissons…

C) SIGNES BIOLOGIQUES 
Vitesse de sédimentation, CRP (protéine C-réactive), fibrinogène augmentés 
Hyperleucocytose à polynucléaires neutrophiles

D) SIGNES RADIOLOGIQUES 
Au début, NORMALES 
Au bout de 1 à 2 semaines, DESTRUCTIONS CARTILAGE ET OS

E) DIAGNOSTIC = MISE EN EVIDENCE DU GERME 
--> PONCTION ARTICULAIRE
Le liquide articulaire est trouble, riche en cellules (> 2 000/mm3 voire >10 000) 
--> Isolement du germe = certitude diagnostique 
HEMOCULTURES


F) TRAITEMENT 
RAPIDE 
Hospitalisation, antibiothérapie intra-veineuse, ponctions évacuatrices répétées possibles,
immobilisation +/-
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