Summary Biol 173 Exam 1 Study Guide

Exam 1 Study Guide 1


Exam 1 Study Guide: Chapters 1-4, Lecture Guide Pages 1-84
Anatomy and Physiology 1
Dr. Surmacz
Date of Exam: October 2, 2017

Chapter 1: An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
 Anatomy
o The study of body structure
 Physiology
o The study of body function
 A&P is important to understand because…
o Foundation for healthcare
o Understand your own body
o Understand diseases
 Levels of organization
o Chemical/Molecular (More in Chapter 2)
 The atom is the smallest stable unit of matter
o Cellular (More in Chapter 3)
 The cell is the smallest
living unit
o Tissues (More in Chapter 4)
 Groups of cells working
together and surrounding
material
 4 Types
 Epithelial
 Connective
 Muscle
 Nervous
o Organ
 Structure of 2 or more
tissues that perform a
particular function
o Organ System
 2 or more organs that work
together for a specific
purpose
o Organism
 Individual living things
 11 Organ Systems
o Integumentary
 Protects against hazards
 Regulates body temperature
 Sends sensory information
o Skeletal
 Support and protection
 Stores calcium
 Forms blood cells
o Muscular

, Exam 1 Study Guide 2


 Movement
 Protection and support for tissues
 Generates hear that maintains body temperature
o Nervous
 Immediate responses to stimuli
 Coordinates activities of other systems
 Interprets sensory information
o Endocrine
 Directs long-term changes
 Adjusts metabolic activity
 Controls changes during development
o Cardiovascular
 Distributes blood, water, etc.
 Assists to control body temperature
o Lymphatic
 Defends against disease
 Returns tissue fluids to blood
stream
o Respiratory
 Delivers air to alveoli
 Delivers oxygen to the blood
 Removes carbon dioxide from
the body
 Produces sounds needed for
communication
o Digestive
 Digests food
 Absorbs and conserves water
 Absorbs nutrients
 Stores energy
o Urinary
 Excretes waste
 Controls water balance
 Stores urine
 Regulates blood ion concentration and pH
o Reproductive
 Male
 Produces sex cells
 Sexual intercourse
 Female
 Produces sex cells
 Supports embryo from conception to delivery
 Provides milk to newborns
 Sexual intercourse
 Directional Terms
o Superior
 Toward the head
o Inferior
 Away from the head

, Exam 1 Study Guide 3


o Anterior
 Toward the front of the body
o Posterior
 Toward the back of the body
o Medial
 Toward the midline of the body
o Lateral
 Away from the midline of the body
o Proximal
 Close to the attachment of an extremity to the trunk
o Distal
 Far from the attachment of an extremity to the trunk
o Superficial
 Toward the surface of the body
o Deep
 Away from the surface of the body
 Planes and Sections
o Midsagittal
 Vertical plane through the midline of the body which
divides the body or organ
into equal left and right
sides
o Sagittal
 Vertical plane through the
body which divides the body
into unequal left and right
sides
o Frontal (coronal)
 Vertical plane which divides
the body into anterior and
posterior portions
o Horizontal (transverse)
 Horizontal plane running
parallel to the ground which divides the body into superior
and inferior portions
 Visceral
o Covering of an organ
 Parietal
o Outer wall of body cavity
 Body Regions
o Abdominal
 Abdomen
o Antebrachial
 Forearm
o Antecubital
 Space on the anterior surface of the arm in front of the
elbow
o Axillary
 Armpit