-SCONOMY-introducti
Scientific theory is ... A scientific theory must ...
wide variety of
a substantiated explanation for a body of data/observation explain a
not speculation conjecture , ,
or guess observations with few simple principle
a model : a set of objects with properties and relationships supported by
must be a large compellin
,
often expressed pictorially and mathematically body of evidence
failed any crucial
-
must make predictions must not have
tests of its validity
A scientific theory cannot be proven but can be > sometimes contains multiple laws
substantiated by a large body of evidence scient site
Sciencecomesfromthe Latin word
scientific law : (sometimes used Synonymously w/theory) A well-validated descriptive account of behavior
-
under certain circumstances a practical prescription . EX Newton's "Law of Gravity" is use :
for navigation for many decades .
Halemartesof Science#1
Modern science seeks explanations for observed phenomena that rely solely on natural causes
(a scientific model cannot include divine intervention , or supernatural forces
Halemartesof Science#2
science progresses through the creation and testing of models of nature that explains the observations as simply
as possible . (Simplicity = "Occam's razor)
Hallmarks of Science#3
A scientific model must make testable predictions about natural phenomena that would force us to revise or
abandon the model if the predictions do not agree with the observations .
The Idealized Scientific method earth-centered & sun-centered beliefs-
make observations ↳ challenged the Earth-centered idea in which he
Copernicus
proposed the sun-centered model. This provided a far simpler
explanation for the Observations (EX : retrograde motions)
ask a question
↳ Tycho Brahe Challenged Copernicus' idea . He thought Earth mus
↓ be at the center of the solar system . He compiled the most accurat
suggest a hypothesis (1 arc/minute) naked eye measurements ever made
planetary
↓ positions to verify this .
>
- make a prediction &
test doesn't
support hypothesis ;
revise hypothesis or
↓ test supports
hypothesis ; make Astronomy comes from the Latin word astro meaning
-
choose a new one a test : additional predictions
perform -
experiment or
& test them out "Stars"↳ more than stars . Astronomy is the study of
& -
.
celestial objects space , and the physical
-
additional observation
,
universe as a whole .
white of -
measurement
Astronomical unit (AU) : one Al is equivalent to 150 M Kilometers (93m miles)
which is about the distance from the earth to the sun .
Light year (14) distance that light can travel in
:
a year ,
which is about 10 trillion kilometers/6 trillion miles).
↳ unit of distance not time
(a kilometer = 0 6 .
miles
)
, - So NOMY -cate e
Star : A large , glowing ball of gas that generates heat and light through nuclear fusion . It needs to be
not for nuclear fusion to occur . Energy constantly leaks out of it (heat) which is why fusion occurs
Planet : A moderately large object that orbits a star ; it shines by reflected light Planets may be rocky icy, . ,
or gaseous in composition . Big enough that gravity has distorted it into a spherical shape (why asteroid
aren't spherical) significant thing in its orbit which is why Pluto
-
.
It has to be the only
,
is not a planet
anymore ; Pluto is not the dominant thing in its orbit) .
Moon : An object that orbits a planet
solar system A star and all the material that orbits it
:
, including its planet and moons
Nebula An interstellar cloud of gas and /or dust.
:
Galaxy :
A great collection of stars in space all held together by ,
gravity and orbiting a common center .
Universe : The sum total of all matter and energy ; that is everything within and between all galaxies .
,
various ages :
destination light travel time
days months years
, , moon 2 second
generations (30 years)
centuries Millenia ,
sun 8 minutes
biological ages (human evolution Myr)
-
Sirius 8 years
Gyr) geological ages(precambrian
-
Parsec measure of distance not time. A : Andromeda Galaxy 2 5 million years
.
parsec is based on the Astrological unit (the ↳ light travels at a finite speed (300 ,
000 km/s
distance from the earth to the sun) and it's -3 26 4 the farther we look in distance the furt
.
away ,
light-years away. back we look in time .
The distance between planets are huge compared to their sizes
-
↑ on the same scale the stars are thousands of kilometers
, away
The observable universe is 24 billion light-years in radius and contains over 200 billion
galaxies with a total number of stars comparable to the number of grains of sand on Earth.
Light year : distance light can travel in 1 year the farther in space
we look
↳ About 10 trillion Kilometers (6 trillion miles) the farther we go back in time .
2 light-year =
(speed of light) x (2 years
(300 000km/s) X
bomin ,bosea (
C365days
=
,
= 9 , 460 000 000 000 km OR 9 46x10
*
, , , . km- > 1 light-year
UD OV
Earth orbits the sun once a year
e a speed of 200 000 km/nr
↳ ,
↳ & an average distance of 1 AU = roughly Iso million kilometers
↳ w/ a Earth axis tilt of 23 5 .
Earth rotates in the same direction it orbits counterclockwise as viewed from above the North Pole
,
The solar system move) among the stars roughly 70,000 km/hr
The Milky Way rotates roughly 800 , 000 km/nv
The Milky way moves in Local Group & the universe expands
Scientific theory is ... A scientific theory must ...
wide variety of
a substantiated explanation for a body of data/observation explain a
not speculation conjecture , ,
or guess observations with few simple principle
a model : a set of objects with properties and relationships supported by
must be a large compellin
,
often expressed pictorially and mathematically body of evidence
failed any crucial
-
must make predictions must not have
tests of its validity
A scientific theory cannot be proven but can be > sometimes contains multiple laws
substantiated by a large body of evidence scient site
Sciencecomesfromthe Latin word
scientific law : (sometimes used Synonymously w/theory) A well-validated descriptive account of behavior
-
under certain circumstances a practical prescription . EX Newton's "Law of Gravity" is use :
for navigation for many decades .
Halemartesof Science#1
Modern science seeks explanations for observed phenomena that rely solely on natural causes
(a scientific model cannot include divine intervention , or supernatural forces
Halemartesof Science#2
science progresses through the creation and testing of models of nature that explains the observations as simply
as possible . (Simplicity = "Occam's razor)
Hallmarks of Science#3
A scientific model must make testable predictions about natural phenomena that would force us to revise or
abandon the model if the predictions do not agree with the observations .
The Idealized Scientific method earth-centered & sun-centered beliefs-
make observations ↳ challenged the Earth-centered idea in which he
Copernicus
proposed the sun-centered model. This provided a far simpler
explanation for the Observations (EX : retrograde motions)
ask a question
↳ Tycho Brahe Challenged Copernicus' idea . He thought Earth mus
↓ be at the center of the solar system . He compiled the most accurat
suggest a hypothesis (1 arc/minute) naked eye measurements ever made
planetary
↓ positions to verify this .
>
- make a prediction &
test doesn't
support hypothesis ;
revise hypothesis or
↓ test supports
hypothesis ; make Astronomy comes from the Latin word astro meaning
-
choose a new one a test : additional predictions
perform -
experiment or
& test them out "Stars"↳ more than stars . Astronomy is the study of
& -
.
celestial objects space , and the physical
-
additional observation
,
universe as a whole .
white of -
measurement
Astronomical unit (AU) : one Al is equivalent to 150 M Kilometers (93m miles)
which is about the distance from the earth to the sun .
Light year (14) distance that light can travel in
:
a year ,
which is about 10 trillion kilometers/6 trillion miles).
↳ unit of distance not time
(a kilometer = 0 6 .
miles
)
, - So NOMY -cate e
Star : A large , glowing ball of gas that generates heat and light through nuclear fusion . It needs to be
not for nuclear fusion to occur . Energy constantly leaks out of it (heat) which is why fusion occurs
Planet : A moderately large object that orbits a star ; it shines by reflected light Planets may be rocky icy, . ,
or gaseous in composition . Big enough that gravity has distorted it into a spherical shape (why asteroid
aren't spherical) significant thing in its orbit which is why Pluto
-
.
It has to be the only
,
is not a planet
anymore ; Pluto is not the dominant thing in its orbit) .
Moon : An object that orbits a planet
solar system A star and all the material that orbits it
:
, including its planet and moons
Nebula An interstellar cloud of gas and /or dust.
:
Galaxy :
A great collection of stars in space all held together by ,
gravity and orbiting a common center .
Universe : The sum total of all matter and energy ; that is everything within and between all galaxies .
,
various ages :
destination light travel time
days months years
, , moon 2 second
generations (30 years)
centuries Millenia ,
sun 8 minutes
biological ages (human evolution Myr)
-
Sirius 8 years
Gyr) geological ages(precambrian
-
Parsec measure of distance not time. A : Andromeda Galaxy 2 5 million years
.
parsec is based on the Astrological unit (the ↳ light travels at a finite speed (300 ,
000 km/s
distance from the earth to the sun) and it's -3 26 4 the farther we look in distance the furt
.
away ,
light-years away. back we look in time .
The distance between planets are huge compared to their sizes
-
↑ on the same scale the stars are thousands of kilometers
, away
The observable universe is 24 billion light-years in radius and contains over 200 billion
galaxies with a total number of stars comparable to the number of grains of sand on Earth.
Light year : distance light can travel in 1 year the farther in space
we look
↳ About 10 trillion Kilometers (6 trillion miles) the farther we go back in time .
2 light-year =
(speed of light) x (2 years
(300 000km/s) X
bomin ,bosea (
C365days
=
,
= 9 , 460 000 000 000 km OR 9 46x10
*
, , , . km- > 1 light-year
UD OV
Earth orbits the sun once a year
e a speed of 200 000 km/nr
↳ ,
↳ & an average distance of 1 AU = roughly Iso million kilometers
↳ w/ a Earth axis tilt of 23 5 .
Earth rotates in the same direction it orbits counterclockwise as viewed from above the North Pole
,
The solar system move) among the stars roughly 70,000 km/hr
The Milky Way rotates roughly 800 , 000 km/nv
The Milky way moves in Local Group & the universe expands
