Developing Multicultural Counseling
Competence: A Systems Approach -
Chapter 1
Multicultural Counseling - with correct answers:counseling that integrates cultural
identities and takes into account their influence on the counseling relationship, process,
and outcome.
Culture - with correct answers:Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of
people.
Acculturation - with correct answers:The changes a minority group or individual
undergoes as it encounters the dominant culture.
Enculturation - with correct answers:the process of learning culture of your own group.
biculturalism - with correct answers:a process in which individuals identify with both their
own culture and that of the host culture
Cultural Demensions - with correct answers:Three overlapping dimensions may be used
to broadly define culture:
- Universal culture
- Group culture
- Individual culture
Universal Culture - with correct answers:Commonalities shared by all cultures and, in
fact, all humankind (e.g., use of language as a method of communication).
Group culture - with correct answers:Characteristics shared by a cultural group or
subgroup. (e.g., Asian Americans, females)
Individual Culture - with correct answers:Behaviors, attitudes, and cognitions which are
unique to individuals. Among these may be behaviors that are outside the norms of the
groups to which the individuals belong.
Cultural Encapsulation/Ethnocentrism. - with correct answers:is the narrow and rigid
view of the world and other cultural groups that ensures when one uses one's own
cultural groups as a reference and standard of normality.
, Cultural identity development - with correct answers:is the intrapersonal and
interpersonal process in which individuals engage in order to build a clearer and more
complex cultural identity in terms of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation and other
areas.
Ethnicity - with correct answers:the shared characteristics of culture, religion, and
language, to name a few with which a group may identify.
Nationality - with correct answers:a common component of ethnicity, refers to one's
nation of origin.
Etic Perspective - with correct answers:Focuses on the universal qualities common to
all cultures and on aspects of counseling that are generalizable across cultures. This
approach fails to account for legitimate cultural variations
Emic Perspective - with correct answers:Viewing each client as an individual and within
the context of their cultural norms.
Gender - with correct answers:Whereas sex refers to the biological distinctions between
males and females, gender is the expression of social categories, or gender roles, that
describe behaviors deemed appropriate by a particular culture for males and females.
masculinity
femininity
Androgyny - the blending of masculinity and femininity.
intersex
transgender
Generational status - with correct answers:refers to clusters of particular age groups
within a particular social and historical context. Generally span a range of 15 to 20 years
and represent individuals who share common characteristics due to their particular
experiences in history based on their cohort.
Individualism - with correct answers:the notion that our behaviors and attitudes are
guided by incentives that promote self-determination or independence (e.g.,
competitiveness, self-disclosure, agency, self-promotion).
Collectivism - with correct answers:refers to the idea that decisions, and thus what is
deemed important, are based on the betterment of others, such as community or family
members.
Individuals may have a combination of individualistic and collectivistic values
Competence: A Systems Approach -
Chapter 1
Multicultural Counseling - with correct answers:counseling that integrates cultural
identities and takes into account their influence on the counseling relationship, process,
and outcome.
Culture - with correct answers:Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of
people.
Acculturation - with correct answers:The changes a minority group or individual
undergoes as it encounters the dominant culture.
Enculturation - with correct answers:the process of learning culture of your own group.
biculturalism - with correct answers:a process in which individuals identify with both their
own culture and that of the host culture
Cultural Demensions - with correct answers:Three overlapping dimensions may be used
to broadly define culture:
- Universal culture
- Group culture
- Individual culture
Universal Culture - with correct answers:Commonalities shared by all cultures and, in
fact, all humankind (e.g., use of language as a method of communication).
Group culture - with correct answers:Characteristics shared by a cultural group or
subgroup. (e.g., Asian Americans, females)
Individual Culture - with correct answers:Behaviors, attitudes, and cognitions which are
unique to individuals. Among these may be behaviors that are outside the norms of the
groups to which the individuals belong.
Cultural Encapsulation/Ethnocentrism. - with correct answers:is the narrow and rigid
view of the world and other cultural groups that ensures when one uses one's own
cultural groups as a reference and standard of normality.
, Cultural identity development - with correct answers:is the intrapersonal and
interpersonal process in which individuals engage in order to build a clearer and more
complex cultural identity in terms of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation and other
areas.
Ethnicity - with correct answers:the shared characteristics of culture, religion, and
language, to name a few with which a group may identify.
Nationality - with correct answers:a common component of ethnicity, refers to one's
nation of origin.
Etic Perspective - with correct answers:Focuses on the universal qualities common to
all cultures and on aspects of counseling that are generalizable across cultures. This
approach fails to account for legitimate cultural variations
Emic Perspective - with correct answers:Viewing each client as an individual and within
the context of their cultural norms.
Gender - with correct answers:Whereas sex refers to the biological distinctions between
males and females, gender is the expression of social categories, or gender roles, that
describe behaviors deemed appropriate by a particular culture for males and females.
masculinity
femininity
Androgyny - the blending of masculinity and femininity.
intersex
transgender
Generational status - with correct answers:refers to clusters of particular age groups
within a particular social and historical context. Generally span a range of 15 to 20 years
and represent individuals who share common characteristics due to their particular
experiences in history based on their cohort.
Individualism - with correct answers:the notion that our behaviors and attitudes are
guided by incentives that promote self-determination or independence (e.g.,
competitiveness, self-disclosure, agency, self-promotion).
Collectivism - with correct answers:refers to the idea that decisions, and thus what is
deemed important, are based on the betterment of others, such as community or family
members.
Individuals may have a combination of individualistic and collectivistic values
