NBCOT EXAM LATEST EXAM 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
Entry into the early intervention system begins with which of the following?
A. Screening for developmental delay
B. Individualized Family Service Plan
C. Screening for family environmental risk factors
D. Individualized Education Plan (IEP) - ANSWER: A. A family is referred for an early
intervention screening at which a developmental therapist or OT screens the child
to determine if a full assessment is necessary. (Pediatric Occupational Therapy and
Early Intervention by Case-Smith)
In the assessment phase of early intervention, an OT assesses the daily living skills of
an infant. In the context of early intervention, the areas that are being assessed are:
A. Feeding and sleeping patterns
B. Play and leisure patterns
C. Motor development patterns
D. Sensory development patterns - ANSWER: A. Daily living skills in infants refer to
self-sustaining skills, such as feeding and sleeping. Sleep patterns can be evaluated
from the parent's description of a typical day. Daily living skills also refer to
bathing and dressing, but this is as it involves the parents. (Pediatric Occupational
Therapy and Early Intervention by Case-Smith)
An assessment team in early intervention has completed an evaluation of a toddler.
In compiling the Individualized Family Service Plan, the goals should be determined
by the:
A. Service coordinator for the case
B. Therapists from each discipline
C. Reimbursing agency
D. Parents - ANSWER: D. Although therapists suggest goals based on the evaluation
process, ultimately a child's parents decide which goals will be included and which
goals are a priority. Goals that relate specifically to the family's concerns about the
care of their child are included in the plan. If therapists have other goals, these can
be added with parental consent. (Pediatric Occupational Therapy and Early
Intervention by Case-Smith)
In early intervention there are different types of risk factors. A child with Down
syndrome is an example of:
A. Biological risk
B. Environmental risk
C. Established risk
D. Recurring risk - ANSWER: C. Children with known chromosomal, structural, or
metabolic defects are classified as having established risk. (Pediatric Occupational
Therapy and Early Intervention by Case-Smith)
,The parent of a child that is being treated in therapy describes how the child covers
their ears when riding in the car with the windows down. The parent does not
understand why the child persists in this behavior. The OT explains that this behavior
could be the result of:
A. Sensory defensiveness
B. Gravitational insecurity
C. Underresponsiveness
D. Aversion to movement - ANSWER: A. A child experiencing sensory defensiveness
has a tendency to respond negatively to sensation that is considered by most
people to be noninvasive or nonirritating. This frequently includes
hyperresponsiveness to light or unexpected touches, high-frequency noises,
certain visual stimulation, or certain smells and tastes. (Sensory Integration:
Theory and Practice by Bundy)
An OT is using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales to evaluate a child. The
therapist is assessing the child's:
A. Performance of tasks that support school participation
B. Visual perception skills in community settings
C. Gross and fine motor skills
D. Performance in everyday tasks - ANSWER: C. The Peabody assesses a child's
abilities with gross and fine motor skills. (Occupational Therapy for Children by
Case-Smith)
A patient diagnosed with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is referred to
occupational therapy for splinting. A primary area that must be assessed before
prescribing a splint is:
A. Edema
B. Sensation
C. Pain
D. Fine motor manipulation - ANSWER: B. Persons with long-standing diabetes
frequently have increased incidences of other conditions, such as peripheral
neuropathies. Therefore, a sensory evaluation is necessary to determine if
sensation is diminished. A person with diminished sensation secondary to
peripheral neuropathy may not be able to perceive or gauge pressure when
wearing a splint. This can lead to skin breakdown. (Introduction to Splinting: A
Clinical Reasoning & Problem Solving Process by Coppard and Lohman)
An OT is asked to administer a test to a child and compare the assessment results or
scores to the sample population of children that have similar characteristics as this
child. The BEST type of evaluation to administer would be:
A. Criterion-referenced test
B. Norm-referenced test
C. Skilled observation
D. Checklist - ANSWER: B. A norm-referenced test is developed by giving the test in
question to a large number of children, usually several hundred or more. This
group is the more normative group and norms or averages are derived from this
sample. When a norm-referenced test is administered, the performance of the
, child being tested is compared to the normative sample. (Occupational Therapy for
Children by Case-Smith)
During an evaluation, the OT must determine a child's exact chronological age. The
child was born on March 6, 2003 and the testing date is July 12, 2006. The child's
chronological age is:
A. 4 years, 6 months, 5 days
B. 3 years, 2 months, 6 days
C. 4 years, 5 months, 6 days
D. 3 years, 4 months, 6 days - ANSWER: D. The day, month, and year of the child's
birth date is subtracted from the date of testing. (Occupational Therapy for Children
by Case-Smith)
An OT has to calculate the corrected age for a child that was born prematurely. The
child had a due date of September 20, 2005 and their birth date was June 12, 2005.
The child was born 3 months, 8 days premature and is currently 1 year, 1 month, 25
days old. The therapist determines the corrected age is:
A. 10 months, 17 days
B. 12 months, 2 days
C. 9 months, 8 days
D. 7 months, 10 days - ANSWER: A. Corrected age is used for children who were born
prematurely to "correct" for the number of weeks they were born before the due
date. Generally the age is corrected until the child turns 2 years old. Many
practitioners consider 36 to 37 weeks and above to be full-term gestation. Children
with a gestation period of 36 weeks and above do not receive a corrected age.
Subtract the birth date from the due date to yield the exact measurement of
prematurity, and to calculate the corrected age, subtract the amount of prematurity
from the chronological age. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith)
A 3-year-old child has been referred for early intervention. In the discussion about
intervention with the family, the team should be sure to:
A. Use lay terminology to describe the early intervention process
B. Explain conditions in detailed technical and medical terms
C. Discourage parents asking questions
D. Ignore parents' feedback and ideas on intervention - ANSWER: A. The team
dealing with the case should use lay terminology to describe the early intervention
process and repeat information to make sure that the parents understand. They
should also welcome parental feedback and incorporate the parents' ideas into a
suggested activity. Professionals should encourage parents to ask questions and
repeat information when necessary. Because the language used by health care
professionals is often technical and medically related, families can easily
misunderstand its meaning. OTs and other team members must make a concerted
effort to use lay terminology to describe function, rather than neurophysiologic
components. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith)
A 6-year-old is interested in learning to roller skate. However, after the initial few
minutes of practice the child does not continue with it and appears to lack the will to
DETAILED ANSWERS
Entry into the early intervention system begins with which of the following?
A. Screening for developmental delay
B. Individualized Family Service Plan
C. Screening for family environmental risk factors
D. Individualized Education Plan (IEP) - ANSWER: A. A family is referred for an early
intervention screening at which a developmental therapist or OT screens the child
to determine if a full assessment is necessary. (Pediatric Occupational Therapy and
Early Intervention by Case-Smith)
In the assessment phase of early intervention, an OT assesses the daily living skills of
an infant. In the context of early intervention, the areas that are being assessed are:
A. Feeding and sleeping patterns
B. Play and leisure patterns
C. Motor development patterns
D. Sensory development patterns - ANSWER: A. Daily living skills in infants refer to
self-sustaining skills, such as feeding and sleeping. Sleep patterns can be evaluated
from the parent's description of a typical day. Daily living skills also refer to
bathing and dressing, but this is as it involves the parents. (Pediatric Occupational
Therapy and Early Intervention by Case-Smith)
An assessment team in early intervention has completed an evaluation of a toddler.
In compiling the Individualized Family Service Plan, the goals should be determined
by the:
A. Service coordinator for the case
B. Therapists from each discipline
C. Reimbursing agency
D. Parents - ANSWER: D. Although therapists suggest goals based on the evaluation
process, ultimately a child's parents decide which goals will be included and which
goals are a priority. Goals that relate specifically to the family's concerns about the
care of their child are included in the plan. If therapists have other goals, these can
be added with parental consent. (Pediatric Occupational Therapy and Early
Intervention by Case-Smith)
In early intervention there are different types of risk factors. A child with Down
syndrome is an example of:
A. Biological risk
B. Environmental risk
C. Established risk
D. Recurring risk - ANSWER: C. Children with known chromosomal, structural, or
metabolic defects are classified as having established risk. (Pediatric Occupational
Therapy and Early Intervention by Case-Smith)
,The parent of a child that is being treated in therapy describes how the child covers
their ears when riding in the car with the windows down. The parent does not
understand why the child persists in this behavior. The OT explains that this behavior
could be the result of:
A. Sensory defensiveness
B. Gravitational insecurity
C. Underresponsiveness
D. Aversion to movement - ANSWER: A. A child experiencing sensory defensiveness
has a tendency to respond negatively to sensation that is considered by most
people to be noninvasive or nonirritating. This frequently includes
hyperresponsiveness to light or unexpected touches, high-frequency noises,
certain visual stimulation, or certain smells and tastes. (Sensory Integration:
Theory and Practice by Bundy)
An OT is using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales to evaluate a child. The
therapist is assessing the child's:
A. Performance of tasks that support school participation
B. Visual perception skills in community settings
C. Gross and fine motor skills
D. Performance in everyday tasks - ANSWER: C. The Peabody assesses a child's
abilities with gross and fine motor skills. (Occupational Therapy for Children by
Case-Smith)
A patient diagnosed with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is referred to
occupational therapy for splinting. A primary area that must be assessed before
prescribing a splint is:
A. Edema
B. Sensation
C. Pain
D. Fine motor manipulation - ANSWER: B. Persons with long-standing diabetes
frequently have increased incidences of other conditions, such as peripheral
neuropathies. Therefore, a sensory evaluation is necessary to determine if
sensation is diminished. A person with diminished sensation secondary to
peripheral neuropathy may not be able to perceive or gauge pressure when
wearing a splint. This can lead to skin breakdown. (Introduction to Splinting: A
Clinical Reasoning & Problem Solving Process by Coppard and Lohman)
An OT is asked to administer a test to a child and compare the assessment results or
scores to the sample population of children that have similar characteristics as this
child. The BEST type of evaluation to administer would be:
A. Criterion-referenced test
B. Norm-referenced test
C. Skilled observation
D. Checklist - ANSWER: B. A norm-referenced test is developed by giving the test in
question to a large number of children, usually several hundred or more. This
group is the more normative group and norms or averages are derived from this
sample. When a norm-referenced test is administered, the performance of the
, child being tested is compared to the normative sample. (Occupational Therapy for
Children by Case-Smith)
During an evaluation, the OT must determine a child's exact chronological age. The
child was born on March 6, 2003 and the testing date is July 12, 2006. The child's
chronological age is:
A. 4 years, 6 months, 5 days
B. 3 years, 2 months, 6 days
C. 4 years, 5 months, 6 days
D. 3 years, 4 months, 6 days - ANSWER: D. The day, month, and year of the child's
birth date is subtracted from the date of testing. (Occupational Therapy for Children
by Case-Smith)
An OT has to calculate the corrected age for a child that was born prematurely. The
child had a due date of September 20, 2005 and their birth date was June 12, 2005.
The child was born 3 months, 8 days premature and is currently 1 year, 1 month, 25
days old. The therapist determines the corrected age is:
A. 10 months, 17 days
B. 12 months, 2 days
C. 9 months, 8 days
D. 7 months, 10 days - ANSWER: A. Corrected age is used for children who were born
prematurely to "correct" for the number of weeks they were born before the due
date. Generally the age is corrected until the child turns 2 years old. Many
practitioners consider 36 to 37 weeks and above to be full-term gestation. Children
with a gestation period of 36 weeks and above do not receive a corrected age.
Subtract the birth date from the due date to yield the exact measurement of
prematurity, and to calculate the corrected age, subtract the amount of prematurity
from the chronological age. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith)
A 3-year-old child has been referred for early intervention. In the discussion about
intervention with the family, the team should be sure to:
A. Use lay terminology to describe the early intervention process
B. Explain conditions in detailed technical and medical terms
C. Discourage parents asking questions
D. Ignore parents' feedback and ideas on intervention - ANSWER: A. The team
dealing with the case should use lay terminology to describe the early intervention
process and repeat information to make sure that the parents understand. They
should also welcome parental feedback and incorporate the parents' ideas into a
suggested activity. Professionals should encourage parents to ask questions and
repeat information when necessary. Because the language used by health care
professionals is often technical and medically related, families can easily
misunderstand its meaning. OTs and other team members must make a concerted
effort to use lay terminology to describe function, rather than neurophysiologic
components. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith)
A 6-year-old is interested in learning to roller skate. However, after the initial few
minutes of practice the child does not continue with it and appears to lack the will to
