KUBY IMMUNOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY OWEN TEST BANK CONTAINING QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

KUBY IMMUNOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY OWEN TEST BANK CONTAINING QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS Four Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions - correct answers-Type I, Type II, Type III, & Type IV Type I Hypersensitivity - correct answers-Allergy & Atopy (IgE) Type II Hypersensitivity - correct answers-Ab-mediated hypersensitivity (IgG & IgM) Type III Hypersensitivity - correct answers-Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity (Immune-complexes) Type IV - correct answers-Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) (T-Cells) 3 Mechanisms of Type II Hypersensitivity - correct answers-- Ab can activate complement --- Mac -Ab can mediate ADCC - Ab can serve as Opsonin Transfusion Reactions, Hemolytic diseases of the newborn, & Hemolytic Anemia (drug induced) is what kind of Hypersensitivity Reaction? - correct answers-Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction Concerning Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn, why is the first pregnancy not severely affected? - correct answers-- Primary Response: IgM - Secondary Response: IgG What can induce Hemolytic Anemia? - correct answers-Drugs: Pennicillin, Streptomycin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen. - Drug gets absorbed into membrane proteins. Act as new Ag. What triggers a Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction? - correct answers-- Caused by large amounts of immune complexes that arn't removed by normal mechanisms. - Immune complexes = Ag+Ig (soluble) Where can Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions occur? - correct answers-Depends on where the Immune Complexes are Deposited. - Near site of entry (localized) - If it enters the blood (synovial membrane of joints, glomerular basement membrane, blood vessel walls) 4 step mechanism of Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions - correct answers-1. Immune complex activates complement 2. generate anaphylatoxins(C3a, C4a, C5a) 3. Recruits Neutrophils & granule release) 4. Anaphyltoxins cause mast cell degranulation Arthus Reaction - correct answers-Localized Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction. Occurs when Ag is applied subcutanously to an individual w/ high corresponding Ab. Serum Sickness - correct answers-Late 19th Century- bacterial infections were treated by injecting horse serum from horses immunized to a particular bacterial infection. Farmers Lungs - correct answers-Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction that occurs when moldy hay is inhaled. Diseases resulting from Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions - correct answers-- Autoimmune diseases - systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - Rheumatoid Artheritis - Multiple Sclerosis - Hepatitis 4 step mechanism of a Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction - correct answers-1. Th Cell encounters Ag 2. Th Cell secrete cytokines that induced localized inflammatory reaction 3. Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Reaction 4. Cytokines cause large influx of Mac's which cause tissue damage Hallmarks of Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction (DTH) - correct answers-- Delayed time for reaction to develope (1-3 days) - Purely cell-mediated rather than Ab-mediated - Recruitment of Mac's (as opposed to neutrophils in type III Hypersensitivity reaction) Primary & Secondary Ag exposure in DTH - correct answers-Primary- SENSITIZATION PHASE, APC "sensitizes" the DTH-mediating cells which are typically Th1 cells Secondary- Induces effector phase of DTH. Sensitized Th1 cells secrete cytokines & chemokines to activate and recruit Macs. Granuloma - correct answers-Walls off organism in the infected tissue. Macrophage lytic enzymes damage the body tissue. Test used to indicate prior exposure to M. tuberculosis - correct answers-Skin Test - PPD (bacterial cell wall protein) is injected intradermally. Development of firm, red swollen site of injection within ~48-72 hrs indicates positive test. (DTH) Contact Dermatitis - correct answers-A Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction- Occurs if a reactive chemical compound binds to skin proteins. Modified proteins are then presented to T-cells. - can be induced by pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, metal ions. Cytokines responsible for CHRONIC INFLAMMATION - correct answers-- IL-6 - TNF-alpha - IL-1b - IL-18 Chronic Inflammation can be caused by: - correct answers-- Infectious Causes - Non-Infectious Causes Microbial invasion can induce chronic inflammation. Examples? - correct answers-- Gum disease - unhealed wounds - Failure of tolerance mechanisms to gut microbes Non-infectious causes of chronic inflammation can be caused by: - correct answers-- Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) - Obesity- adipose secret TNF-alpha & IL-6 - Tumors - Autoimmune disease - atherosclerosis Chronic Inflammation due to high adipose tissue can cause: - correct answers-Type II diabetes. TNF-alpha & IL-6 induce signaling cascade that inhibit ability of.