& LYNNE R. CRAWFORD
, Chapter 01: Nursing, Theory, and Professional Practice
Yoost & Crawford: Fundamentals of Nursing: Active Learning for Collaborative
Practice, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
A group of nursing students are discussing the influence of non-nursing theories on
clinical practice. Which theory would they select to prioritize patient care?
a. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
b. Paul’s Critical-Thinking Theory
c. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
d. Rosenstock’s Health Belief Model
Correct Answer: C
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs outlines psychological and physiological factors influencing
each individual’s physical and mental health. The nurse’s knowledge of these factors
assists in forming nursing diagnoses that prioritize patient needs and values. Erikson’s
theory focuses on psychosocial development and socialization, with nurses using its
concepts to guide care across life stages. Rosenstock’s Health Belief Model explains why
patients may resist health-promoting behaviors, serving as a valuable tool for patient
education.
DIF: Remembering | OBJECTIVE: 1.5 | TOPIC: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment:
Management of Care | Key Concept: Care Coordination
A nursing student preparing lecture notes on nursing history would credit Florence
Nightingale for which definition of nursing?
a. The imbalance between the patient and environment reduces capacity for health.
b. Nurses focus on interpersonal processes between nurse and patient.
c. Nurses assist patients with basic functions to promote independence.
d. Human beings exist in continuous interaction as energy fields.
Correct Answer: A
Florence Nightingale (1860) emphasized the role of the environment, focusing on
prevention and clean air, water, and housing. Her theory states that environmental
imbalance limits health and energy conservation. Hildegard Peplau (1952) described
nursing as interpersonal processes. Virginia Henderson defined nursing as helping
patients achieve independence. Martha Rogers (1970) introduced the Science of Unitary
Human Beings, viewing humans and environments as continuous energy fields.
DIF: Understanding | OBJECTIVE: 1.4 | TOPIC: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Patient Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Key
Concept: Health Promotion
Which nurse established the American Red Cross during the Civil War?
a. Dorothea Dix
,b. Linda Richards
c. Lena Higbee
d. Clara Barton
Correct Answer: D
Clara Barton practiced nursing during the Civil War and founded the American Red
Cross. Dorothea Dix led the U.S. Sanitary Commission, a forerunner to the Army Nurse
Corps. Linda Richards, America’s first trained nurse, graduated in 1873. Lena Higbee,
superintendent of the Navy Nurse Corps, received the Navy Cross in 1918.
DIF: Remembering | OBJECTIVE: 1.3 | TOPIC: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Patient Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Key
Concept: Professionalism
While researching core nursing competencies, an instructor notes which organization
added safety as a sixth competency?
a. QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses)
b. Institute of Medicine (IOM)
c. American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
d. National League for Nursing (NLN)
Correct Answer: A
The IOM’s Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality (2003) identified five
competencies: patient-centered care, teamwork, evidence-based practice, quality
improvement, and informatics. QSEN added safety as the sixth competency. The AACN
sets outcomes for professional nursing education, and the NLN updates competencies
across all nursing programs.
DIF: Remembering | OBJECTIVE: 1.1 | TOPIC: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment:
Management of Care | Key Concept: Care Coordination
A nurse manager interviews new graduates for open positions. When will they most
likely be considered “competent”?
a. After graduating and passing NCLEX
b. After working 2–3 years
c. During the last year of nursing school
d. Once they are hired
Correct Answer: B
Benner’s model defines five levels: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient,
and expert. Nursing students progress to advanced beginners in school, reaching
competence after 2–3 years of practice. To obtain RN licensure, graduates must complete
an accredited program and pass the NCLEX-RN exam.
DIF: Remembering | OBJECTIVE: 1.7 | TOPIC: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment:
, Management of Care | Key Concept: Care Coordination
A prospective student wishes to pursue a career in nursing research at the university level.
Which degree best matches this goal?
a. Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN)
b. Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
d. Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (PhD)
Correct Answer: D
A PhD in Nursing prepares nurses for leadership in research, teaching, and
administration, advancing the profession. ADN programs, typically in community
colleges, focus on direct patient care and basic specialties. BSN programs add community
health and management. The DNP is practice-focused, preparing advanced clinicians in
roles such as NP, CNS, CNM, and CRNA.
DIF: Remembering | OBJECTIVE: 1.9 | TOPIC: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment:
Management of Care | Key Concept: Care Coordination
A nurse manager explains that the hospital will seek Magnet status. Which organization
grants this recognition?
a. American Nurses Association (ANA)
b. American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)
c. National League for Nursing (NLN)
d. Joint Commission
Correct Answer: B
The ANCC awards Magnet Recognition to hospitals demonstrating nursing excellence
and innovation. The ANA sets standards for nursing practice. The NLN updates
educational competencies across nursing levels. The Joint Commission accredits health
care organizations in the U.S.
DIF: Remembering | OBJECTIVE: 1.1 | TOPIC: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment:
Management of Care | Key Concept: Care Coordination
A nurse cares for a patient who refuses two units of packed red blood cells. After
informing the provider of the patient’s choice, the nurse is fulfilling which role?
a. Manager
b. Change agent
c. Advocate
d. Educator
Correct Answer: C
As an advocate, the nurse protects the patient’s right to make decisions, even when they
differ from professional or personal beliefs. Advocacy includes providing education,