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Lecture 2 - Linear Algebra, probability and information theory, optimization

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Lecture 2 - Linear Algebra, probability and information theory, optimization What are the two main types of array in python and what are their differences ? - correct answers 1. Lists: A list is a built-in Python data structure that can hold elements of any data type, including other lists. Lists are dynamic, which means they can grow or shrink in size as elements are added or removed. However, because lists are not stored in contiguous memory locations, they can be slower than arrays when accessing individual elements. 2. NumPy arrays: NumPy is a powerful library for numerical computing in Python. It provides support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a range of mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. NumPy arrays are stored in contiguous memory locations, making them faster than lists when accessing individual elements. Both lists and NumPy arrays have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of which one to use depends on the specific use case. In general, if you need to perform numerical computations, you may want to use NumPy arrays, while if you need to store elements of different data types or change the size of the container frequently, you may want to use lists. How do we create a 2x2 matrice of all zeros ? - correct answers a = ((2,2)) how do we create a line vector of all ones ? - correct answers b = ((1,2)) how to create a 2x2 matrix of full 7 ? - correct answers c = ((2,2),7) How to create a 2x2 identity matrix ? - correct answers d = (2) how to create a matrix filled with random values ? - correct answers e = m((2,2)) How to create a 3x3 matrix when we are given 3 (1,3) vectors ? - correct answers v1 = ([1,2,3]) v2 = ([4,5,6]) v3 = ([7,8,9]) M = k ([v1, v2, v3]) print(M) Ho to transpose a matrix M ? - correct answers print(M.T) how to print the inverse of a matrix M ? - correct answers print((M)) how to print the determinant of a matrix ? - correct answers print (M) how to print eigenvalues and eigenvectors ? - correct answers eigvals, eigvecs = (M) print (eigenvals)

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Lecture 2 - Linear Algebra, probability
and information theory, optimization

How to deal with high dimensions ? - correct answers Generic term approach:

Exploit invariances and symmetries

Induced by knowledge about the economics problem.



Discover and exploit (non)-linear manifolds over which the response exhibits maximal variability.



Here, we focus on:

HD input (already satisfying symmetries).

Discoverand exploit linear

manifold of maximal variability.

what are the pillars of machine learning ? - correct answers 1. Regression

2. Dimensionality Reduction

3. Density Estimation

4. Classification

Why does linear algebra provide ? - correct answers Linear algebra provides a way of compactly
representing and operating on sets of linear equations.

What is the package in python for matrices and vectors ? - correct answers The package for matrices
and vectors is NumPy.

What is np.array in python ? - correct answers In Python, np.array refers to a function provided by the
NumPy library, which creates a new array object.



The np.array function takes a sequence (such as a list or tuple) and returns a new NumPy array object.
The resulting array can have any number of dimensions and any shape.



Once you have created an array with np.array, you can perform a wide range of operations on it, such as
mathematical operations, slicing, indexing, and more.
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