Lifestyle Medicine Review Questions with correct
answers
Which of the following statements is most characteristic of Intensive
Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (ITLC)?
a. Gradual changes are encouraged in one's daily routine, including
habits around sleep, diet, physical activity and stress management.
b. There is a singular focus on one health-related domain to ensure that
patients make substantial change in this area
c. Programs need to be delivered in-person to be effective
d. These utilize multiple modalities and a multidisciplinary team Correct
Answer-D. These utilize multiple modalities and a multidisciplinary
team
ITLCs encourage drastic changes in one's daily routine, not gradual
changes. ITLCs produce the essential induction phase that is needed for
people to make the dramatic lifestyle changes necessary for treating
severe disease and precedes the maintenance and support phases in
lifestyle change. ITLC treatment programs are usually administered in a
group setting and typically focus on multiple modalities and generally
utilized a multidisciplinary team. They can be delivered in-person or
virtually.
Overall annual medical expenditures among people diagnosed with
diabetes in the United States are how much higher compared with people
without diabetes?
a. 1.5 times higher
,b. 2.3 times higher
c. 3.5 times higher
d. 6.2 times higher Correct Answer-B. 2.3 times higher
What percentage of US adults with diabetes are unaware that they have
it?
a. 27%
b. 16%
c. 23%
d. 34% Correct Answer-C. 23%
According to the CDC, 23% of US adults who met laboratory criteria for
diabetes were not aware of or did not report having diabetes
(undiagnosed diabetes). Approximately 11% of the US population
(adults and children) have diabetes and nearly 15% of US adults have
diabetes.
Which of the following is true about positive psychology?
a. It acknowledges the value of negative emotions, alone time, and
reflecting on previous failures
b. It reinforces autonomy and self-efficacy
c. Avoidance of negative thoughts and emotions is preferable as these
can serve as detractors to growth
d. It emphasizes self-improvement by focusing on strengthening areas of
weakness Correct Answer-B. It reinforces autonomy and self-efficacy
,Positive psychology reinforces autonomy and self-efficacy (b), and
emphasizes current skills abilities, strengths, and positive actions (d). It
acknowledges the value of positive emotions, engagement, relationships,
meaning, and accomplishment (a). Positive psychology improves
attention, open-mindedness, and creativity. It also recognizes that a
healthy ratio of positive to negative emotions (not the avoidance of)
builds resilience that foster adaptation and changes (c).
A 45-year-old man wants to make lifestyle changes to reduce his body
weight and increase regular moderate intensity exercise. He wants to
address weight loss first but is frustrated because he feels like his past
efforts have failed. His health care provider decides that supporting his
self-efficacy would be useful. Which of the following is the most
appropriate inquiry to make at this point?
a. "Who in your life is most likely to support you to achieve your weight
loss goal right now?"
b. "Tell me about a time when you overcame a challenge to accomplish
something you really wanted to achieve."
c. "What factor in your life would most motivate you to work towards
weight loss right now?"
d. "Deciding to improve your health is a great decision - how will you
feel when you achieve this?" Correct Answer-B. "Tell me about a time
when you overcame a challenge to accomplish something you really
wanted to achieve."
The primary foundation of self-efficacy is mastery experiences. The
inquiry inviting the man to describe a previous experience of
overcoming a challenge is a strong invitation to report a mastery
, experience. Other options invite him to describe other supportive people
or factors rather than self-efficacy experiences or are likely to negatively
impact self-efficacy due to the practitioner's "cheerleading".
When asked a scaling question to assess his confidence to make a
lifestyle change, a 48-year-old man responds that he is "4 out of 10
confident." His health care provider responds with a follow-up inquiry:
"What stops you from being 8 or 9 out of 10?" This response is an
example of which of the following?
a. An invitational challenge
b. Setting a stretch goal
c. The righting reflex
d. Rolling with resistance Correct Answer-C. The righting reflex
Miller and Rollnick define the righting reflex as attempts to use an
expert stance to urge patients into change. Such challenges are likely to
evoke a self-defensive reaction rather than further discussion about the
possibility of change.
A 43-year-old man with type 2 diabetes has had unstable and high
hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) over a number of years. He has recently
moved to another city and is seeing a new primary care provider. Over
the past 12 weeks, his HbA1c has decreased from 7.9% to 6.7%. Which
of the following physician attributes would most likely explain this?
a. Insightful reflections of adaptive patient behaviors
b. Highly developed capacity for empathy
c. Autonomy-supportive informational approach
answers
Which of the following statements is most characteristic of Intensive
Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (ITLC)?
a. Gradual changes are encouraged in one's daily routine, including
habits around sleep, diet, physical activity and stress management.
b. There is a singular focus on one health-related domain to ensure that
patients make substantial change in this area
c. Programs need to be delivered in-person to be effective
d. These utilize multiple modalities and a multidisciplinary team Correct
Answer-D. These utilize multiple modalities and a multidisciplinary
team
ITLCs encourage drastic changes in one's daily routine, not gradual
changes. ITLCs produce the essential induction phase that is needed for
people to make the dramatic lifestyle changes necessary for treating
severe disease and precedes the maintenance and support phases in
lifestyle change. ITLC treatment programs are usually administered in a
group setting and typically focus on multiple modalities and generally
utilized a multidisciplinary team. They can be delivered in-person or
virtually.
Overall annual medical expenditures among people diagnosed with
diabetes in the United States are how much higher compared with people
without diabetes?
a. 1.5 times higher
,b. 2.3 times higher
c. 3.5 times higher
d. 6.2 times higher Correct Answer-B. 2.3 times higher
What percentage of US adults with diabetes are unaware that they have
it?
a. 27%
b. 16%
c. 23%
d. 34% Correct Answer-C. 23%
According to the CDC, 23% of US adults who met laboratory criteria for
diabetes were not aware of or did not report having diabetes
(undiagnosed diabetes). Approximately 11% of the US population
(adults and children) have diabetes and nearly 15% of US adults have
diabetes.
Which of the following is true about positive psychology?
a. It acknowledges the value of negative emotions, alone time, and
reflecting on previous failures
b. It reinforces autonomy and self-efficacy
c. Avoidance of negative thoughts and emotions is preferable as these
can serve as detractors to growth
d. It emphasizes self-improvement by focusing on strengthening areas of
weakness Correct Answer-B. It reinforces autonomy and self-efficacy
,Positive psychology reinforces autonomy and self-efficacy (b), and
emphasizes current skills abilities, strengths, and positive actions (d). It
acknowledges the value of positive emotions, engagement, relationships,
meaning, and accomplishment (a). Positive psychology improves
attention, open-mindedness, and creativity. It also recognizes that a
healthy ratio of positive to negative emotions (not the avoidance of)
builds resilience that foster adaptation and changes (c).
A 45-year-old man wants to make lifestyle changes to reduce his body
weight and increase regular moderate intensity exercise. He wants to
address weight loss first but is frustrated because he feels like his past
efforts have failed. His health care provider decides that supporting his
self-efficacy would be useful. Which of the following is the most
appropriate inquiry to make at this point?
a. "Who in your life is most likely to support you to achieve your weight
loss goal right now?"
b. "Tell me about a time when you overcame a challenge to accomplish
something you really wanted to achieve."
c. "What factor in your life would most motivate you to work towards
weight loss right now?"
d. "Deciding to improve your health is a great decision - how will you
feel when you achieve this?" Correct Answer-B. "Tell me about a time
when you overcame a challenge to accomplish something you really
wanted to achieve."
The primary foundation of self-efficacy is mastery experiences. The
inquiry inviting the man to describe a previous experience of
overcoming a challenge is a strong invitation to report a mastery
, experience. Other options invite him to describe other supportive people
or factors rather than self-efficacy experiences or are likely to negatively
impact self-efficacy due to the practitioner's "cheerleading".
When asked a scaling question to assess his confidence to make a
lifestyle change, a 48-year-old man responds that he is "4 out of 10
confident." His health care provider responds with a follow-up inquiry:
"What stops you from being 8 or 9 out of 10?" This response is an
example of which of the following?
a. An invitational challenge
b. Setting a stretch goal
c. The righting reflex
d. Rolling with resistance Correct Answer-C. The righting reflex
Miller and Rollnick define the righting reflex as attempts to use an
expert stance to urge patients into change. Such challenges are likely to
evoke a self-defensive reaction rather than further discussion about the
possibility of change.
A 43-year-old man with type 2 diabetes has had unstable and high
hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) over a number of years. He has recently
moved to another city and is seeing a new primary care provider. Over
the past 12 weeks, his HbA1c has decreased from 7.9% to 6.7%. Which
of the following physician attributes would most likely explain this?
a. Insightful reflections of adaptive patient behaviors
b. Highly developed capacity for empathy
c. Autonomy-supportive informational approach
