Seidel's Chapter 14: Chest and Lungs Practice Exam Questions and Answers

Seidel's Chapter 14: Chest and Lungs Practice Exam Questions and Answers Nancy Walker is a 16-year-old girl who presents to the clinic with complaints of severe, acute chest pain. Her mother reports that, apart from occasional colds, Nancy is not prone to respiratory problems. Which potential risk factor is most important to assess with regard to Nancy's current problem? a. Anorexia symptoms b. Cocaine use c. Last menses d. Signs of rheumatic fever - Answer️️ -b. Cocaine use (drug use particularly, of cocaine, is especially important to prioritize as a social history question for all adolescents and adults who complain of severe chest pain. cocaine use can lead to tachycardia, hypertension, coronary arterial spasms with infarction and, pneumothorax) The anteroposterior diameter of the chest is normally approximately the same as the transverse diameter in which age group? a. Infants b. School-age children c. Adolescents TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 2/22 d. Young adults - Answer️️ -a. Infants (The chest of infants are generally round, with equal dimensions of anteroposterior and transverse diameters) A 44-year-old male patient who complains of a cough has presented to the emergency department. He admits to smoking one pack per day. During your inspection of his chest, the most appropriate lighting source to highlight chest movement is: a. bright tangential lighting. b. daylight from a window. c. flashlight in a dark room. d. fluorescent ceiling lights. - Answer️️ -a. bright tangential lighting (Bright tangential light is best to visualize chest movement) When auscultating the apex of the lung, you should listen at a point: a. even with the second rib. b. 4 cm above the first rib. c. higher on the right side. d. on the convex diaphragm surface. - Answer️️ -b. 4 cm above the first rib (The apices of the lungs are 4 cm above the first rib) You are documenting a rash between the eighth and ninth ribs on the lateral border. This intercostal space will be documented in terms of the: a. rib immediately above it. b. rib immediately below it. c. number of centimeters it is positioned below the clavicle. TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 3/22 d. number of inches it is positioned below the clavicle. - Answer️️ -a. rib immediately above it (The number of each intercostal space corresponds to that of the rib immediately above it) To count the ribs and the intercostal spaces, you begin by palpating the reference point of the: a. distal point of the xiphoid. b. manubriosternal junction. c. suprasternal notch. d. acromion process. - Answer️️ -b. manubriosternal junction (The angle of Louis, the junction of the manubrium the sternum, corresponds to the second rib, the reference point for counting ribs and intercostal spaces) When the umbilical cord is cut: a. blood flows through the infants lungs more vigorously. b. lungs fill with air. c. closure of the foramen ovale occurs d. closure of the ductus arteriosus occurs. - Answer️️ -a. blood flows through the infants lungs more vigorously. Fetal gas exchange is mediated by the: a. lungs. b. heart. c. amniotic fluid. TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 4/22 d. placenta. - Answer️️ -d. placenta (The placenta is the source for fetal gas exchange; the lungs contain no air, and Alveoli are collapsed) The foramen ovale should close: a. by 24 weeks of gestation. b. within minutes of birth. c. by 4 weeks of age. d. By 12 months of age. - Answer️️ -b. within minutes of birth (The decrease in pulmonary pressures within the first minutes of life leads to closure of the foramen ovale) Increased oxygen tension in the arterial blood of a newborn infant causes: a. closure of the ductus arteriosus. b. hyperinflation of the lungs. c. passive respiratory movements. d. reopening of the foramen ovale. - Answer️️ -a. closure of the ductus arteriosus (increased oxygen tension in our to your blood usually stimulates contraction and closure of the ductus arteriosus) To accommodate the enlarging uterus of pregnancy, chest changes result in: a. intercostal muscle atrophy. b. lowering of the resting diaphragm. c. a decrease in alveoli expansion. d. an increase in the subcostal angle. - Answer️️ -d. an increase in the subcostal angle TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 5/22 The characteristic barrel chest of the older adult is the result of a combination of factors, including: a. skeletal changes of aging. b. increased muscular expansion of the chest wall. c. less fibrous alveoli. d. increased vital capacity. - Answer️️ -a. skeletal changes of aging (skeletal changes associated with aging include an emphasis of the dorsal curve of a dorsal curve that contributes to barrel chest) The patient tells you that she uses herbal and other alternative therapies to maintain her health. This information is recorded in the: a. past medical history. b. chief complaint. c. social history. d. family history. - Answer️️ -c. social history Mr. Curtis is a 44-year-old patient who has presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath. During the history, the patient describes shortness of breath that gets worse when he sits up. To document this, you will use the term: a. platypnea. b. orthopnea. c. tachypnea. d. bradypnea. - Answer️️ -a. platypnea TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 6/22 Bradypnea may accompany: a. a subconscious response to observation. b. an excellent level of cardiovascular fitness. c. ascites. d. severe pain from a rib fracture. - Answer️️ -b. an excellent level of cardiovascular fitness. Which chest structure contains all the thoracic viscera except the lungs? a. Manubrium b. Mediastinum c. Sternum d. Xiphoid - Answer️️ -b. Mediastinum Which bronchial structure(s) is(are) most susceptible to aspiration of foreign bodies? a. Left mainstem bronchus b. Terminal bronchioles c. Right mainstem bronchus d. Respiratory bronchioles - Answer️️ -c. Right mainstem bronchus Which finding suggests a minor structural variation? a. Barrel chest b. Clubbed fingers c. Pectus carinatum d. Chest wall retractions - Answer️️ -c. Pectus carinatum TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 7/22 Ms. Rudman, age 74 years, has no known health problems or diseases. You are doing a preventive health care history and examination. Which symptom is associated with intrathoracic infection? a. Barrel chest b. Cor pulmonale c. Funnel chest d. Malodorous breath - Answer️️ -d. Malodorous breath The best time to observe and count respirations is while: a. the patient is answering questions. b. weighing the patient. c. palpating the pulse. d. the patient is sleeping. - Answer️️ -c. palpating the pulse