RBT California State Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

RBT California State Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Positive Reinforcement - Correct Answer️️ -* In operant conditioning, positive reinforcement involves the addition of a reinforcing stimulus followed by a behavior that makes more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future * When a favorable outcome, event, or reward occurs after an action, that particular response or behavior will be strengthened * Example: You get an A on your test (positive stimulus), which increases your behavior of studying (reinforcer) Negative Reinforcement - Correct Answer️️ -* Is a term described by B.F. Skinner in his theory of operant conditioning * In negative reinforcement, a response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus * Example: You avoid getting a sun burn (negative stimulus), which increases your behavior of applying sunblock in the future (reinforcement) Reinforcer - Correct Answer️️ -* Reinforcers are tangible and intangible objects or actions that are used to increase the occurrence of a certain behavior * Reinforcers are critical to the success of an ABA therapy program because they are instrumental in getting and shaping the right behaviors in a child diagnosed with ASD TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 2/30 Punisher - Correct Answer️️ -* Positive Punishment: This works by presenting a negative consequence after an undersized behavior is exhibited, making the behavior less likely to happen in the future * Example: A child picks his nose during class and the teacher reprimands him in front of his classmates * Negative punishment: This happens when a certain desired stimulus/item is removed after a particular undesired behavior is exhibited, resulting in the behavior happening less often in the future * Example: Siblings get in a fight over who gets to go first in a game or who gets to play with a new toy, the parent takes the game/toy away Conditioned Reinforcer - Correct Answer️️ -* Secondary reinforcement * A learned reinforcer that gains value through its association with a primary reinforcer * Example: Money * Example: A boss offers incentives, like bonuses for good work Unconditioned Reinforcer - Correct Answer️️ -* Primary reinforcers are reinforcers that have innate reinforcing qualities. These kind of reinforcers are not learned * Water, food, sleep, sex, and tough, among others, are primary (unconditioned) reinforcers * Pleasure is also a primary reinforcer TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 3/30 * Example: Jumping in a cool lake on a very hot day would be reinforcing and the cool lake would be innately reinforcing - the water would cool the person off (a physical need), as well as provide pleasure Extinction - Correct Answer️️ -* No longer providing the reinforcement that was being provided to a particular behavior * When using extinction, it is helpful to provide reinforcement for a behavior you would rather see instead * If needed, teach or shape the alternative behavior if the child (or person) does not currently perform the behavior * Example: Mom could put her child's whining on extinction by no longer giving the child what he wants when he whines Deprivation - Correct Answer️️ -* Is not having any or enough of something * Deprivation of a single reinforcer increases the value of that reinforcer * Example: When using water balloons for a reinforcer, make sure the child only has access to the water balloons when you are around so the child is deprived of the reinforcer Satiation - Correct Answer️️ -* Refers to having too much * If the same reinforcer is used over and over again, it will lose its reinforcing value Contingency - Correct Answer️️ -* Is the relationship between two events, one event "contingent" or a consequence of the other event TITLE: EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC PERIOD OWNER: EMILLYCHARLOTTE COPYRIGHT STATEMENT: ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISHED: SEPTEMBER 2024 4/30 * The success of establishing contingency requires quick reinforcement, clear communication and consistency * Learners who don't receive immediate reinforcement, or are not clear about the relationship contingency, will not be as successful as those children who clearly understand the relationship or contingency * Example: It took a while for the team at Jonathan's school to help him understand the contingency between his behavior and receiving reinforcement, so they repeated a simple imitation program with direct, one to one reinforcement until he would comply regularly Motivating Operation - Correct Answer️️ -* Motivating operation (MO) is a behavioristic concept introduced by Jack Michael in 1982 * Alter the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer * Alter the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced by that stimulus, object, or event * Establishing Operation (EO): Increases the curr