ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I FINAL EXAM FULLY SOLVED 2024 #5
Anatomy - correct answer The study of the *structure of the body*
Physiology - correct answer The *function of the body*
Levels of Organization - correct answer Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ
System, Organism
*must be in the right order, smallest to largest*
Functions/processes that distinguish living from nonliving - correct answer Maintaining
boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction,
growth & development
Needs to maintain life - correct answer Nutrients, oxygen, water, appropriate
temperature, appropriate atmospheric pressure
Homeostasis;what two systems are most important for this - correct answer the ability to
maintain a stable internal environment; nervous & endocrine
Negative feedback; ex - correct answer physiological response in the opposite direction
of the initial stimulus; ex. Thermostat
Positive feedback; ex - correct answer output exaggerates the responses; graphs goes
up; ex. Bold clotting
Anatomical position - correct answer erect spine, arms supinated, knees together, feet
laterally rotated
Sagittal plane - correct answer divided down the middle of the body, two symmetrically
halves, closer to middle of body = medial, further away from to middle of body = lateral,
in the middle of body = intermediate
Frontal plane - correct answer divides body into front and back halves, front of body =
anterior, back of body = posterior, (in animals) back side = dorsal, stomach side =
ventral
Transverse plane - correct answer divides body at the waist, above the waist = superior,
below the waist = inferior, (in animals) closer to head = cranial, closer to tail = caudal
Superior - correct answer above
Inferior - correct answer below
Anterior - correct answer front
,Posterior - correct answer back
Proximal - correct answer closer to origin
Distal - correct answer closer to end
Superficial - correct answer closer to surface of body
Deep - correct answer further from surface of body
Medial - correct answer closer to middle of body
Lateral - correct answer further from middle of body
Two main body cavities - correct answer dorsal & ventral
Dorsal cavity contains - correct answer cranial-->skull encases brain
Vertebral-->vertebral column encases spinal cord
Ventral cavity contains which two sub cavities; what separates them - correct answer
thoracic-->heart and lungs
Abdominopelvic-->separated from thoracic by diaphragm
Thoracic cavity contains - correct answer pleural-->each hold a lung
Mediastinum (pericardial)-->encloses hearts and surrounds esophagus, trachea, & other
thoracic organs
Abdominopelvic cavity contains - correct answer abdominal-->stomach, intestines,
spleen, and liver
Pelvic-->urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
Serosa membrane; lines what kind of body cavities - correct answer parietal-->lines
cavity wall
Visceral serosa-->forms around organ
Ones that aren't exposed to outside environment
What lines body cavities that are exposed to outside environment - correct answer
mucous membrane
9 regions of the body - correct answer
Four elements that make up the human body - correct answer carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, and nitrogen
Atomic number - correct answer # of protons (equal to # of electrons)
, Atomic mass - correct answer # of protons and neutrons
Properties of water - correct answer high heat capacity, universal solvent, dehydration
synthesis & hydrolysis reactions
Four biological molecules and main functions - correct answer carbohydrates--> cellular
fuel
Proteins-->vital role in much of the cell's functions (transmembrane proteins, enzymes,
keratin, antibodies, etc.)
Nucleic acids-->store genetic info
Lipids-->part of cell membrane, insulate body tissues, synthesis is hormones
RNA vs DNA
Location:
Function:
Sugar:
Bases: - correct answer DNA
Location: nucleus
Function: genetic material, protein synthesis director
Sugar: deoxyribose
Bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA
Location: cytoplasm
Function: carries out genetic instructions for protein synthesis
Sugar: ribose
Bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
3 parts of cell - correct answer plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
3 junction types - correct answer tight junction, desmosomes, and gap junction
Microvilli function and location - correct answer fingerlike extensions of plasma
membrane that increase surface area for absorption; intestinal and kidney cells
Cilia function and location - correct answer small bristle like extensions covering cell
surface that moves material along by "brushing"; trachea and oviduct
3 types of transport for plasma membrane - correct answer passive-->no energy
required (diffusion)
Active-->energy required
Vesicular-->requires energy and molecules are transported inside vesicles
Primary active transport system of body - correct answer sodium potassium pump;
higher potassium inside cell & sodium outside cell
Isotonic
Anatomy - correct answer The study of the *structure of the body*
Physiology - correct answer The *function of the body*
Levels of Organization - correct answer Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ
System, Organism
*must be in the right order, smallest to largest*
Functions/processes that distinguish living from nonliving - correct answer Maintaining
boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction,
growth & development
Needs to maintain life - correct answer Nutrients, oxygen, water, appropriate
temperature, appropriate atmospheric pressure
Homeostasis;what two systems are most important for this - correct answer the ability to
maintain a stable internal environment; nervous & endocrine
Negative feedback; ex - correct answer physiological response in the opposite direction
of the initial stimulus; ex. Thermostat
Positive feedback; ex - correct answer output exaggerates the responses; graphs goes
up; ex. Bold clotting
Anatomical position - correct answer erect spine, arms supinated, knees together, feet
laterally rotated
Sagittal plane - correct answer divided down the middle of the body, two symmetrically
halves, closer to middle of body = medial, further away from to middle of body = lateral,
in the middle of body = intermediate
Frontal plane - correct answer divides body into front and back halves, front of body =
anterior, back of body = posterior, (in animals) back side = dorsal, stomach side =
ventral
Transverse plane - correct answer divides body at the waist, above the waist = superior,
below the waist = inferior, (in animals) closer to head = cranial, closer to tail = caudal
Superior - correct answer above
Inferior - correct answer below
Anterior - correct answer front
,Posterior - correct answer back
Proximal - correct answer closer to origin
Distal - correct answer closer to end
Superficial - correct answer closer to surface of body
Deep - correct answer further from surface of body
Medial - correct answer closer to middle of body
Lateral - correct answer further from middle of body
Two main body cavities - correct answer dorsal & ventral
Dorsal cavity contains - correct answer cranial-->skull encases brain
Vertebral-->vertebral column encases spinal cord
Ventral cavity contains which two sub cavities; what separates them - correct answer
thoracic-->heart and lungs
Abdominopelvic-->separated from thoracic by diaphragm
Thoracic cavity contains - correct answer pleural-->each hold a lung
Mediastinum (pericardial)-->encloses hearts and surrounds esophagus, trachea, & other
thoracic organs
Abdominopelvic cavity contains - correct answer abdominal-->stomach, intestines,
spleen, and liver
Pelvic-->urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
Serosa membrane; lines what kind of body cavities - correct answer parietal-->lines
cavity wall
Visceral serosa-->forms around organ
Ones that aren't exposed to outside environment
What lines body cavities that are exposed to outside environment - correct answer
mucous membrane
9 regions of the body - correct answer
Four elements that make up the human body - correct answer carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, and nitrogen
Atomic number - correct answer # of protons (equal to # of electrons)
, Atomic mass - correct answer # of protons and neutrons
Properties of water - correct answer high heat capacity, universal solvent, dehydration
synthesis & hydrolysis reactions
Four biological molecules and main functions - correct answer carbohydrates--> cellular
fuel
Proteins-->vital role in much of the cell's functions (transmembrane proteins, enzymes,
keratin, antibodies, etc.)
Nucleic acids-->store genetic info
Lipids-->part of cell membrane, insulate body tissues, synthesis is hormones
RNA vs DNA
Location:
Function:
Sugar:
Bases: - correct answer DNA
Location: nucleus
Function: genetic material, protein synthesis director
Sugar: deoxyribose
Bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA
Location: cytoplasm
Function: carries out genetic instructions for protein synthesis
Sugar: ribose
Bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
3 parts of cell - correct answer plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
3 junction types - correct answer tight junction, desmosomes, and gap junction
Microvilli function and location - correct answer fingerlike extensions of plasma
membrane that increase surface area for absorption; intestinal and kidney cells
Cilia function and location - correct answer small bristle like extensions covering cell
surface that moves material along by "brushing"; trachea and oviduct
3 types of transport for plasma membrane - correct answer passive-->no energy
required (diffusion)
Active-->energy required
Vesicular-->requires energy and molecules are transported inside vesicles
Primary active transport system of body - correct answer sodium potassium pump;
higher potassium inside cell & sodium outside cell
Isotonic
