CMB1003 Exam Questions And Accurate Solutions
Why study bacteria - Answer Aids understanding of our cells
Microbes everywhere in large amounts
Utilised for biotechnology
Bacteria - Answer No nucleus
Special cell wall
Plasmids
Adapted to produce energy in lots of different ways
Archea - Answer Kind of like eukaryotoes but prokaryotes
Microbes in food - Answer yoghurt
cheese
probiotics
Pickled stuff
Microbes in biotechnology - Answer Insulin
Monoclonal antibodies
vitamins and amino acid production
industrial enzymes and synthetic biology
Positive impact of human microbiome - Answer Baby microbiome breaks down milk
sugar baby can not
,Gram staining - Answer Crystal violet on cell
wash
iodine
wash
alcohol
wash
counterstain (Safranin)
Electron microscope - Answer Sample in vacuum
Electron scatter
create a digital image
When looking at a bacteria it shows the cytoplasm, septum, cell wall and DNA
Issues with electron microscope - Answer Specimen is fixed and dehydrated
Cryoelectronic microscope - Answer Sample flash frozen while alive so appears living
and can see 3D image
Large and expensive
Fluorescent Microscope - Answer Digital detection with good resolution
See specific things depending on dye used
Immunofluorescence - Answer Detect native and wild type proteins
Specific antibody lights up with joins to specific antigen
Green Fluorescent protein - Answer Dye from fluorescent jelly fish DNA incorporated
into gene f interest in bacteria can see time lapse of the gene
,Cell wall bacteria - Answer Different to Eukaryotes so is a very good target for
antibiotics
Essential for growth and maintain osmotic pressure of bacteria so if impeached water
can move in and cause bacteria to lyse
Gram positive - Answer Simple structure
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
peptidoglycan wall
Purple after gram staining
Gram Negative - Answer Complex structure
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
Peptidoglycan
Outer membrane
Lipopolysaccharide chain
Pink after gram staining
Outside of bacteria wall - Answer S-layer - crystalline lattice of protein acts a seive
Capsules - Answer Polysaccharide attached to cell wall. Act as a biofilm to make
bacteria immunogenic
Pili and fimbriae - Answer Adhere to human cell
Helps with gene transfer between cells
Assist movement
Flagella - rotation C-ring and then helical structure
, Endospores - Answer Model for cellular development
Incredibly resistant and can remain dormant for years
Biofilms - Answer Held together by matrix and promote adhesion and cohesion
Bacteria Genes - Answer DNA condensed in nucleotide and is very small
Replicate DNA very rapidly
Organised into operons
Housekeeping genes - Answer gene in all bacteria
Pan-genomone - Answer Genes that are from other cells - tell you if resistant to
antibiotics
Operons you should know - Answer Lac operon
Trp Operon
oriC
Lac operon - Answer Lac Y = Permease
Lac Z = Enzyme to turn lactose into glucose and galactose
Lac I = control
Trp Operon - Answer 5 genes in genome for when not enough tryptophan
oriC - Answer Chromosome replication origin
Why study bacteria - Answer Aids understanding of our cells
Microbes everywhere in large amounts
Utilised for biotechnology
Bacteria - Answer No nucleus
Special cell wall
Plasmids
Adapted to produce energy in lots of different ways
Archea - Answer Kind of like eukaryotoes but prokaryotes
Microbes in food - Answer yoghurt
cheese
probiotics
Pickled stuff
Microbes in biotechnology - Answer Insulin
Monoclonal antibodies
vitamins and amino acid production
industrial enzymes and synthetic biology
Positive impact of human microbiome - Answer Baby microbiome breaks down milk
sugar baby can not
,Gram staining - Answer Crystal violet on cell
wash
iodine
wash
alcohol
wash
counterstain (Safranin)
Electron microscope - Answer Sample in vacuum
Electron scatter
create a digital image
When looking at a bacteria it shows the cytoplasm, septum, cell wall and DNA
Issues with electron microscope - Answer Specimen is fixed and dehydrated
Cryoelectronic microscope - Answer Sample flash frozen while alive so appears living
and can see 3D image
Large and expensive
Fluorescent Microscope - Answer Digital detection with good resolution
See specific things depending on dye used
Immunofluorescence - Answer Detect native and wild type proteins
Specific antibody lights up with joins to specific antigen
Green Fluorescent protein - Answer Dye from fluorescent jelly fish DNA incorporated
into gene f interest in bacteria can see time lapse of the gene
,Cell wall bacteria - Answer Different to Eukaryotes so is a very good target for
antibiotics
Essential for growth and maintain osmotic pressure of bacteria so if impeached water
can move in and cause bacteria to lyse
Gram positive - Answer Simple structure
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
peptidoglycan wall
Purple after gram staining
Gram Negative - Answer Complex structure
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
Peptidoglycan
Outer membrane
Lipopolysaccharide chain
Pink after gram staining
Outside of bacteria wall - Answer S-layer - crystalline lattice of protein acts a seive
Capsules - Answer Polysaccharide attached to cell wall. Act as a biofilm to make
bacteria immunogenic
Pili and fimbriae - Answer Adhere to human cell
Helps with gene transfer between cells
Assist movement
Flagella - rotation C-ring and then helical structure
, Endospores - Answer Model for cellular development
Incredibly resistant and can remain dormant for years
Biofilms - Answer Held together by matrix and promote adhesion and cohesion
Bacteria Genes - Answer DNA condensed in nucleotide and is very small
Replicate DNA very rapidly
Organised into operons
Housekeeping genes - Answer gene in all bacteria
Pan-genomone - Answer Genes that are from other cells - tell you if resistant to
antibiotics
Operons you should know - Answer Lac operon
Trp Operon
oriC
Lac operon - Answer Lac Y = Permease
Lac Z = Enzyme to turn lactose into glucose and galactose
Lac I = control
Trp Operon - Answer 5 genes in genome for when not enough tryptophan
oriC - Answer Chromosome replication origin
