NFDN 2007 Final Exam Questions And
Accurate Answers Latest Update
cognition
The brains' ability to process, retain and use information.
Memory
- A part of cognition
- Refers to the ability to recall or reproduce what has been learned or experienced.
- Hippocampus transfer short term memory to long term .
- Memory loss increases with age.
Delirium
- Disturbance of consciousness and attention with decline in cognition
- Acute onset**
- Acute
- Usually, reversible**
- Etiology is usually an identifiable physical origin.
Clinical Course- Delirium
- Acute disorder of physical origin
- Fluctuating consciousness and attention
- Decreased ability to focus, sustain or shift attention.
- Decline in cognitive function.
- Serious- morbidity
Diagnostic Criteria- Delirium
,- Impaired consciousness and attention
Awareness- reduced orientation to the environment Disturbance in attention (Ability to
focus).
Onset is over hours or days.
Epidemiology of Delirium
Prevalence rates from 10-30% of patients
In nursing homes, prevalence reaches 60% of those older than 75 years.
Higher for women
Common in elderly, postoperative patients
Aetiology of delirium
- medications
- infections (UTI & Upper resp)
Fluid & Electrolyte imbalance
- metabolic disturbances
Risk factors for Delirium
Old age
Severe illness
Dementia
Visual/hearing impairment
Polypharmacy
Interactions of different meds
,Alcohol abuse
Coming down
Fracture
Infection pain
Renal impairment( Clear the toxins out of the body.)
Mechanical ventilation is the most severe risk factor -Mechanical ventilation is the most
severe risk factor
Interprofessional Treatment and Priority Care (Delirium) - 4 key steps
Eliminate or correct the underlying cause(s)
Manage behavioural disturbances
Anticipate & prevent complications of delirium
Support & restore functional needs
Delirium Biological Domain:
Assessment
Current & past health status
Physical examination and review of system
Monitoring electrolytes
Physical functions
Pharmacologic assessment
The client is experiencing delusions and hallucinations. As a nurse, what is the most
appropriate response?
Patient safety
Identify risk factors for delirium
Old age
Severe illness
Dementia
Polypharmacy
Alcohol abuse
, Fracture
Infection
Pain
Renal impairment
delirium
Is an altered level of consciousness that is usually reversible
Dementia
- Irreversible syndrome
- Characterized by ongoing decline of intellectual functioning
- Sufficient to disrupt physical, social, and/or occupational functioning
- No changes in consciousness
3 Categories of Dementia
- Early-onset familial AD (FAD)
- Rapidly progressive dementia Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- Later-onset dementia AD Vascular dementia Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB)
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)
Alzheimer's disease (AD)
- is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder
- Characterized by: Memory loss, cognitive deficits, and behavioural changes
- Ability to function declines
- is a terminal disease
AD clinical course
Accurate Answers Latest Update
cognition
The brains' ability to process, retain and use information.
Memory
- A part of cognition
- Refers to the ability to recall or reproduce what has been learned or experienced.
- Hippocampus transfer short term memory to long term .
- Memory loss increases with age.
Delirium
- Disturbance of consciousness and attention with decline in cognition
- Acute onset**
- Acute
- Usually, reversible**
- Etiology is usually an identifiable physical origin.
Clinical Course- Delirium
- Acute disorder of physical origin
- Fluctuating consciousness and attention
- Decreased ability to focus, sustain or shift attention.
- Decline in cognitive function.
- Serious- morbidity
Diagnostic Criteria- Delirium
,- Impaired consciousness and attention
Awareness- reduced orientation to the environment Disturbance in attention (Ability to
focus).
Onset is over hours or days.
Epidemiology of Delirium
Prevalence rates from 10-30% of patients
In nursing homes, prevalence reaches 60% of those older than 75 years.
Higher for women
Common in elderly, postoperative patients
Aetiology of delirium
- medications
- infections (UTI & Upper resp)
Fluid & Electrolyte imbalance
- metabolic disturbances
Risk factors for Delirium
Old age
Severe illness
Dementia
Visual/hearing impairment
Polypharmacy
Interactions of different meds
,Alcohol abuse
Coming down
Fracture
Infection pain
Renal impairment( Clear the toxins out of the body.)
Mechanical ventilation is the most severe risk factor -Mechanical ventilation is the most
severe risk factor
Interprofessional Treatment and Priority Care (Delirium) - 4 key steps
Eliminate or correct the underlying cause(s)
Manage behavioural disturbances
Anticipate & prevent complications of delirium
Support & restore functional needs
Delirium Biological Domain:
Assessment
Current & past health status
Physical examination and review of system
Monitoring electrolytes
Physical functions
Pharmacologic assessment
The client is experiencing delusions and hallucinations. As a nurse, what is the most
appropriate response?
Patient safety
Identify risk factors for delirium
Old age
Severe illness
Dementia
Polypharmacy
Alcohol abuse
, Fracture
Infection
Pain
Renal impairment
delirium
Is an altered level of consciousness that is usually reversible
Dementia
- Irreversible syndrome
- Characterized by ongoing decline of intellectual functioning
- Sufficient to disrupt physical, social, and/or occupational functioning
- No changes in consciousness
3 Categories of Dementia
- Early-onset familial AD (FAD)
- Rapidly progressive dementia Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- Later-onset dementia AD Vascular dementia Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB)
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)
Alzheimer's disease (AD)
- is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder
- Characterized by: Memory loss, cognitive deficits, and behavioural changes
- Ability to function declines
- is a terminal disease
AD clinical course
