Bio 182 Comprehensive Exam 2 ASU ||
With Questions & All Accurate Answers
(Graded A+)
Conceptial Researchers 2024
,Bio 182 Comprehensive Exam 2 ASU ||
With Questions & All Accurate Answers
(Graded A+)
What is systematics? - ANSWER - study of biological diversity and the evolutionary
relationships among organisms, both extinct and modern
What is Taxonomy? - ANSWER - science of describing, naming, and classifying
living and extinct organisms and viruses
What are the 8 categories of taxonomic hierarchy (in order from species upward to
broader classifications)? - ANSWER - Species, Genus, Family, Class, Phylum,
Kingdom, Domain
Who is the scientist that proposed the current two-part naming system for each
species? - ANSWER - Carolus Linnaeus
What are the two parts of any Latinized binomial name? - ANSWER - Genus
species
What is a phylogenetic tree and what is it used for? - ANSWER - Phylogenetic tree-
a diagram that describes the phylogeny
What are the two ways a new species can be formed? - ANSWER - Anagenesis-
single species evolves into a different species
Cladogenesis-a species diverges into two or more species
What is Homology? - ANSWER - similarities among various species that occur
because they are derived from a common ancestor
What does cladistics compare? - ANSWER - study and classification of species
based on evolutionary relationships
What is the difference between a primitive character and a derived character? -
ANSWER - Primitive character-shared by two or more species or taxa and inherited
from ancestors older than their last common ancestor
Derived character-shared by two or more species or taxa and has originated in their
most recent common ancestor
niche - ANSWER - range of environmental conditions in which a genotype can
persist
abiotic - ANSWER - physical conditions
biotic - ANSWER - other organisms
which are the strongest bonds - ANSWER - covalent bonds
,low temps - ANSWER - more flexible enzymes
high temps - ANSWER - more rigid enzymes
Do enzymes maintain a rigid structure while catalyzing? - ANSWER - No it is
constantly changing
adaptive plasticity - ANSWER - one genotype has multiple phenotypes &
environments trigger change
genetic drift - ANSWER - evolution caused by random processes in population in a
population of finite size
Do smaller or larger populations have more chance for genetic drift? - ANSWER -
Smaller populations
homology - ANSWER - phenotype that is similar between two species because of
common ancestry
homoplasy - ANSWER - phenotype that is similar between two species because of
convergent evolution
parsimony - ANSWER - the simplest explanation is the best (fewest evolutionary
transitions) A-->B-->C = common A-->B-->A = uncommon
migration load - ANSWER - maintenance of deleterious alleles by migration
Which traits are more informative? - ANSWER - Shared derived traits
(synapomorphy)
Which traits provide no information? - ANSWER - Shared ancestral traits
(pleisiomorphy)
Which traits provide - ANSWER - False info? - ANSWER - Convergent traits
(homoplasy)
allopatry - ANSWER - populations occur in different places
sympatry - ANSWER - populations occur at the same place same time
plasticity - ANSWER - ability of one genotype to produce more than one phenotype
when exposed to different environments
Genetic drift can do what to neutral alleles - ANSWER - eliminate & spread
What random processes cause genetic drift? - ANSWER - -independent assortment
of alleles
-random variation in survival
-random variation in mating success
, -random variation in fecundity
Is fixation of a deleterious allele or the loss of a beneficial allele more probable? -
ANSWER - Loss of a beneficial allele
Fisher's Model - ANSWER - Assume:
Each set of parents give birth to two offspring.
A new allele (a) arises, which has no effect on fitness
(fitness of Aa = fitness of AA).
Fisher 1930,
The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection
Then:
Within each couple, there is a 25% chance the new
allele will be lost during reproduction.
Genetic drift can...? - ANSWER - -eliminate neutral alleles.
-spread neutral alleles.
-eliminate beneficial alleles
The probability that a neutral allele will be fixed by genetic drift equals...? - ANSWER
- the frequency of the allele
What is critical thermal maximum? - ANSWER - The max temp specific to the
organism when said organism can still perform functions necessary for survival
What 3 conditions lead to genetic drift? - ANSWER - -variation
-heritability
-same population
Random processes can...? - ANSWER - Spread neutral alleles or eliminate
beneficial alleles
Gene flow - ANSWER - dispersal of organisms btw genetically distinct populations
Why disperse? - ANSWER --minimize inbreeding
-avoid competition
Influx of beneficial alleles? - ANSWER - Speeds adaptation
Influx of deleterious alleles? - ANSWER - Slows adaptation
What factors determine migration load? - ANSWER -size of population
-strength of selection
-rates of migration
How can we quantify gene flow? - ANSWER - Estimate genetic variances
Species - ANSWER - group that shares specific properties
biological species - ANSWER - group of potentially interbreeding species
With Questions & All Accurate Answers
(Graded A+)
Conceptial Researchers 2024
,Bio 182 Comprehensive Exam 2 ASU ||
With Questions & All Accurate Answers
(Graded A+)
What is systematics? - ANSWER - study of biological diversity and the evolutionary
relationships among organisms, both extinct and modern
What is Taxonomy? - ANSWER - science of describing, naming, and classifying
living and extinct organisms and viruses
What are the 8 categories of taxonomic hierarchy (in order from species upward to
broader classifications)? - ANSWER - Species, Genus, Family, Class, Phylum,
Kingdom, Domain
Who is the scientist that proposed the current two-part naming system for each
species? - ANSWER - Carolus Linnaeus
What are the two parts of any Latinized binomial name? - ANSWER - Genus
species
What is a phylogenetic tree and what is it used for? - ANSWER - Phylogenetic tree-
a diagram that describes the phylogeny
What are the two ways a new species can be formed? - ANSWER - Anagenesis-
single species evolves into a different species
Cladogenesis-a species diverges into two or more species
What is Homology? - ANSWER - similarities among various species that occur
because they are derived from a common ancestor
What does cladistics compare? - ANSWER - study and classification of species
based on evolutionary relationships
What is the difference between a primitive character and a derived character? -
ANSWER - Primitive character-shared by two or more species or taxa and inherited
from ancestors older than their last common ancestor
Derived character-shared by two or more species or taxa and has originated in their
most recent common ancestor
niche - ANSWER - range of environmental conditions in which a genotype can
persist
abiotic - ANSWER - physical conditions
biotic - ANSWER - other organisms
which are the strongest bonds - ANSWER - covalent bonds
,low temps - ANSWER - more flexible enzymes
high temps - ANSWER - more rigid enzymes
Do enzymes maintain a rigid structure while catalyzing? - ANSWER - No it is
constantly changing
adaptive plasticity - ANSWER - one genotype has multiple phenotypes &
environments trigger change
genetic drift - ANSWER - evolution caused by random processes in population in a
population of finite size
Do smaller or larger populations have more chance for genetic drift? - ANSWER -
Smaller populations
homology - ANSWER - phenotype that is similar between two species because of
common ancestry
homoplasy - ANSWER - phenotype that is similar between two species because of
convergent evolution
parsimony - ANSWER - the simplest explanation is the best (fewest evolutionary
transitions) A-->B-->C = common A-->B-->A = uncommon
migration load - ANSWER - maintenance of deleterious alleles by migration
Which traits are more informative? - ANSWER - Shared derived traits
(synapomorphy)
Which traits provide no information? - ANSWER - Shared ancestral traits
(pleisiomorphy)
Which traits provide - ANSWER - False info? - ANSWER - Convergent traits
(homoplasy)
allopatry - ANSWER - populations occur in different places
sympatry - ANSWER - populations occur at the same place same time
plasticity - ANSWER - ability of one genotype to produce more than one phenotype
when exposed to different environments
Genetic drift can do what to neutral alleles - ANSWER - eliminate & spread
What random processes cause genetic drift? - ANSWER - -independent assortment
of alleles
-random variation in survival
-random variation in mating success
, -random variation in fecundity
Is fixation of a deleterious allele or the loss of a beneficial allele more probable? -
ANSWER - Loss of a beneficial allele
Fisher's Model - ANSWER - Assume:
Each set of parents give birth to two offspring.
A new allele (a) arises, which has no effect on fitness
(fitness of Aa = fitness of AA).
Fisher 1930,
The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection
Then:
Within each couple, there is a 25% chance the new
allele will be lost during reproduction.
Genetic drift can...? - ANSWER - -eliminate neutral alleles.
-spread neutral alleles.
-eliminate beneficial alleles
The probability that a neutral allele will be fixed by genetic drift equals...? - ANSWER
- the frequency of the allele
What is critical thermal maximum? - ANSWER - The max temp specific to the
organism when said organism can still perform functions necessary for survival
What 3 conditions lead to genetic drift? - ANSWER - -variation
-heritability
-same population
Random processes can...? - ANSWER - Spread neutral alleles or eliminate
beneficial alleles
Gene flow - ANSWER - dispersal of organisms btw genetically distinct populations
Why disperse? - ANSWER --minimize inbreeding
-avoid competition
Influx of beneficial alleles? - ANSWER - Speeds adaptation
Influx of deleterious alleles? - ANSWER - Slows adaptation
What factors determine migration load? - ANSWER -size of population
-strength of selection
-rates of migration
How can we quantify gene flow? - ANSWER - Estimate genetic variances
Species - ANSWER - group that shares specific properties
biological species - ANSWER - group of potentially interbreeding species
