Biol 1303 Chapter 6 Notes

BIOL 1303
Anatomy and Physiology 1
Lecture Outline
Chapter 6
The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue

I. Functions of Bones and the Skeletal System

a. Support

b. Protection

c. Aid in movement

d. Mineral homeostasis

i. Calcium

ii. Phosphorus

e. Hemopoiesis in red bone marrow

f. Triglyceride storage in yellow marrow

II. Gross Structure of Long Bone

a. Diaphysis

b. Epiphyses

c. Metaphyses

i. Epiphyseal plate – hyaline cartilage

ii. Epiphyseal line – bone

d. articular cartilage – hyaline cartilage

e. periosteum – dense irregular CT

i. contains osteoblasts

ii. aids in fracture repair

iii. attachment point for tendons and ligaments




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, f. medullary cavity

i. contains red marrow in children

ii. contains yellow marrow in adults

g. endosteum

i. osteoblasts and connective tissue

III. Histology of Bone Tissue (Osseous tissue)

a. Introduction

i. Matrix

1. water (25%)

2. collagen fibers (25%) – flexibility

3. crystallized mineral salts (50%) – hardness

a. calcium phosphate

b. calcium carbonate

c. magnesium hydroxide

d. fluoride

e. sulfate

4. calcification

a. depositing minerals in spaces between collagen fibers

b. osteoblasts initiate calcification

b. Cells

i. Osteogenic cells

1. stem cells

2. undergo mitosis




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