. Professional nursing specialty organizations seek to: *Ans* A. improve standards of practice.
B. expand nursing roles.
C. improve the welfare of nurses in specialty areas.
D. all of the above.
Answer is D
•Ming graduated with an associate's degree in nursing last year and received his RN credential. He
currently works in a long-term care facility. Although Ming enjoys his work and has been promoted to
shift supervisor on his unit, he finds that he'd like to pursue a nursing career that offers a regular
schedule and more autonomy.
•Ming considers returning to school for an advanced degree.•Ming is particularly drawn to the idea of
becoming an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN).
•Ming's career options for becoming an APRN include which of the following?
(Select all that apply.) *Ans* A. Physician assistant (PA)
B. Clinical nurse specialist (CNS)
C. Certified nurse midwife (CNM)
D. Certified RN anesthetist (CRNA)
Answer is B,C,D
1. Nursing is defined as a profession because nurses *Ans* A. perform specific skills.
B. practice autonomy.
C. utilize knowledge from the medical discipline.
D. charge a fee for services rendered.
The answer is B.
, 20th century *Ans* •Movement toward scientific, research-based practice and defined body of
knowledge
•Nurses assumed expanded and advanced practice roles
•1906: Mary Adelaide Nutting, first nursing professor at Columbia Teacher's College
•Army and Navy Nurse Corps established
•1920s: Nursing specialization began
21st century *Ans* •Changes in curriculum
•Advances in technology and informatics
•New programs address current health concerns
•Leadership role in developing standards and policies
6 standards of practice *Ans* Assessment-asking questions
Diagnosis-determine the problem
Outcomes-what you want to see happen
Planning- how you make the ideal outcome happen
Implementation-carrying out the plan
Evaluation-did what you plan work
Advanced Practice Registered Nurses *Ans* Clinical nurse specialist
Certified nurse practitioner
Certified nurse midwife
Certified registered nurse anesthetist
Benner's stages of nursing proficiency *Ans* Novice
advances beginner
competent
proficient
expert