Nurs 5315 Advanced Pathology 2024
Exam 3.1
Cardiac Blood Flow - Correct Answer o From body
o Through:
♣ Vena cavas
♣ Right atrium
♣ Tricuspid valve
♣ Right ventricle
♣ Pulmonic valve
♣ Pulmonary artery
o To lungs
♣ Pulmonary vein
♣ Left atrium
♣ Mitral valve
♣ Left ventricle
♣ Aortic valve
o Back to body
Cardiac Anatomy - Correct Answer The heart is the size of a closed fist
2/3 of the heart is to the left of the midline
1/3 under the sternum
heart layers - Correct Answer Endocardium ( inner)
myocardium ( middle)
, Pericardium ( outer)
Cardiac action potential: phase 0 - Correct Answer rapid depolarization
Sodium influx d/t voltage-gated sodium channels opening
Cardiac action potential: phase 1 - Correct Answer initial repolarization of cells
voltage gated sodium channels closed
voltage gated potassium channels open
Potassium leaves cell slowly
Cardiac action potential: phase 2 - Correct Answer plateau phase
voltage gated calcium channels open
influx of calcium into the cell
balances potassium efflux
calcium influx triggers more calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum > myocardial contraction
Cardiac action potential: phase 3 - Correct Answer Rapid Repolarization w/ potassium efflux
voltage gated potassium channels open
voltage gated calcium channels close
Cardiac action potential: phase 4 - Correct Answer resting membrane potential, -85 mV
High potassium permeability from the potassium channels
Potassium imbalance affect on myocardial action potentials - Correct Answer Hypokalemia-increased
atrial preload leads to 1-3 degree blocks
Hyperkalemia-slows depolarization, leads to sunus bradycardia and junctional rhythm
Calcium imbalance affect on myocardial action potentials - Correct Answer Hypocalcemia-decreased
contractility
Exam 3.1
Cardiac Blood Flow - Correct Answer o From body
o Through:
♣ Vena cavas
♣ Right atrium
♣ Tricuspid valve
♣ Right ventricle
♣ Pulmonic valve
♣ Pulmonary artery
o To lungs
♣ Pulmonary vein
♣ Left atrium
♣ Mitral valve
♣ Left ventricle
♣ Aortic valve
o Back to body
Cardiac Anatomy - Correct Answer The heart is the size of a closed fist
2/3 of the heart is to the left of the midline
1/3 under the sternum
heart layers - Correct Answer Endocardium ( inner)
myocardium ( middle)
, Pericardium ( outer)
Cardiac action potential: phase 0 - Correct Answer rapid depolarization
Sodium influx d/t voltage-gated sodium channels opening
Cardiac action potential: phase 1 - Correct Answer initial repolarization of cells
voltage gated sodium channels closed
voltage gated potassium channels open
Potassium leaves cell slowly
Cardiac action potential: phase 2 - Correct Answer plateau phase
voltage gated calcium channels open
influx of calcium into the cell
balances potassium efflux
calcium influx triggers more calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum > myocardial contraction
Cardiac action potential: phase 3 - Correct Answer Rapid Repolarization w/ potassium efflux
voltage gated potassium channels open
voltage gated calcium channels close
Cardiac action potential: phase 4 - Correct Answer resting membrane potential, -85 mV
High potassium permeability from the potassium channels
Potassium imbalance affect on myocardial action potentials - Correct Answer Hypokalemia-increased
atrial preload leads to 1-3 degree blocks
Hyperkalemia-slows depolarization, leads to sunus bradycardia and junctional rhythm
Calcium imbalance affect on myocardial action potentials - Correct Answer Hypocalcemia-decreased
contractility
