NESA Exam Questions With 100%
Verified Answers (2024)
How blood borne pathogens are spread? CORRECT ANSWERS • the pathogen is
present, in a large enough quantity to cause disease
• the pathogen must enter through the appropriate entry site
• the person is susceptible to the pathogen
What to do if you are exposed? CORRECT ANSWERS • wash area with soap and
water
• if a mucous membrane, flush with water
• if eyes involved, flush with water
* Contact designated exposure department for next steps.
Post exposure treatment may include: CORRECT ANSWERS • anti-retroviral drugs
• starting treatment within 24 hours if possible
• follow-up care
Standard precautions... CORRECT ANSWERS ...are the best way to prevent spread of
blood-borne pathogens
OSHA provides standards to facilities to help protect workers from a significant...
CORRECT ANSWERS ...risk associated with exposure to blood.
Hepatitis A (HAV) CORRECT ANSWERS • highly contagious
• there IS a vaccine available to prevent Hep A transmission
• Hep A is transmitted by the *fecal-oral route*
Hepatitis B (HBV) CORRECT ANSWERS • Hep B is transmitted by *infected blood or
bodily secretions.* Diagnosis is made through blood tests.
• there IS a vaccine available
• after infection most adults recover from the disease and are immune. Up to 90% of
babies infected and the other 10% of adults become chronically ill
Hepatitis C (HCV) CORRECT ANSWERS • HCV is transmitted by *blood to blood*
contact
• NO VACCINE is yet available for HCV. Diagnosis is made by blood testing
• Acute Hepatitis C: first 6 months after exposure; 15-25% of people clear the infection
from this phase
• Chronic Hepatitis C: life long infection leading to serious liver diseases
HIV CORRECT ANSWERS HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus.
, • transmitted by *infected blood or bodily secretions*
• NO VACCINE
• attacks and destroys CD4 cells
• eventually leads to AIDS
AIDS CORRECT ANSWERS AIDS is the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
• immune system badly damaged
• vulnerable to opportunistic infections
• life expectancy without treatment about 3 years
Multidrug Resistance Organisms CORRECT ANSWERS • *Drug resistance* occurs
when available antibiotics are not effective against the microorganism.
• Common multidrug resistant organisms are methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) and Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE)
• major cause of drug resistant bacteria is improper use of antibiotics
• to *prevent multidrug resistance* clinical practices should incorporate reporting all
contamination errors (in any procedure), optimum management of all catheters,
prevention of respiratory infections in intubated patients, and accurate diagnosis of
infectious diseases
Fall Precautions
*Unanticipated physiological fall*... CORRECT ANSWERS ...occur when the physical
cause of the falls is not reflected in the patient's risk factor for falls.
Fall Precautions
*Anticipated physiological falls*... CORRECT ANSWERS ...occur in patients whose
score on risk assessment scales.
Fall Precautions
If a person is assessed for a high fall risk and falls while in facility care the incident
would be defined as an: CORRECT ANSWERS *Anticipated Physiological Fall*
Fall Precautions
There are many *intrinsic factors* nurses look for when assessing falls, including:
CORRECT ANSWERS • previous falls, unsteady gait, reduced vision, musculoskeletal
diseases, mental status, and acute or chronic illnesses
Fall Precautions
Verified Answers (2024)
How blood borne pathogens are spread? CORRECT ANSWERS • the pathogen is
present, in a large enough quantity to cause disease
• the pathogen must enter through the appropriate entry site
• the person is susceptible to the pathogen
What to do if you are exposed? CORRECT ANSWERS • wash area with soap and
water
• if a mucous membrane, flush with water
• if eyes involved, flush with water
* Contact designated exposure department for next steps.
Post exposure treatment may include: CORRECT ANSWERS • anti-retroviral drugs
• starting treatment within 24 hours if possible
• follow-up care
Standard precautions... CORRECT ANSWERS ...are the best way to prevent spread of
blood-borne pathogens
OSHA provides standards to facilities to help protect workers from a significant...
CORRECT ANSWERS ...risk associated with exposure to blood.
Hepatitis A (HAV) CORRECT ANSWERS • highly contagious
• there IS a vaccine available to prevent Hep A transmission
• Hep A is transmitted by the *fecal-oral route*
Hepatitis B (HBV) CORRECT ANSWERS • Hep B is transmitted by *infected blood or
bodily secretions.* Diagnosis is made through blood tests.
• there IS a vaccine available
• after infection most adults recover from the disease and are immune. Up to 90% of
babies infected and the other 10% of adults become chronically ill
Hepatitis C (HCV) CORRECT ANSWERS • HCV is transmitted by *blood to blood*
contact
• NO VACCINE is yet available for HCV. Diagnosis is made by blood testing
• Acute Hepatitis C: first 6 months after exposure; 15-25% of people clear the infection
from this phase
• Chronic Hepatitis C: life long infection leading to serious liver diseases
HIV CORRECT ANSWERS HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus.
, • transmitted by *infected blood or bodily secretions*
• NO VACCINE
• attacks and destroys CD4 cells
• eventually leads to AIDS
AIDS CORRECT ANSWERS AIDS is the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
• immune system badly damaged
• vulnerable to opportunistic infections
• life expectancy without treatment about 3 years
Multidrug Resistance Organisms CORRECT ANSWERS • *Drug resistance* occurs
when available antibiotics are not effective against the microorganism.
• Common multidrug resistant organisms are methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) and Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE)
• major cause of drug resistant bacteria is improper use of antibiotics
• to *prevent multidrug resistance* clinical practices should incorporate reporting all
contamination errors (in any procedure), optimum management of all catheters,
prevention of respiratory infections in intubated patients, and accurate diagnosis of
infectious diseases
Fall Precautions
*Unanticipated physiological fall*... CORRECT ANSWERS ...occur when the physical
cause of the falls is not reflected in the patient's risk factor for falls.
Fall Precautions
*Anticipated physiological falls*... CORRECT ANSWERS ...occur in patients whose
score on risk assessment scales.
Fall Precautions
If a person is assessed for a high fall risk and falls while in facility care the incident
would be defined as an: CORRECT ANSWERS *Anticipated Physiological Fall*
Fall Precautions
There are many *intrinsic factors* nurses look for when assessing falls, including:
CORRECT ANSWERS • previous falls, unsteady gait, reduced vision, musculoskeletal
diseases, mental status, and acute or chronic illnesses
Fall Precautions
