Tutoring Exam Review
Chapter 1 & 2
● Know difference between race, culture, ethnicity
○ Race sorts people into ethnic groups according to perceived behavior and
physical characteristics
■ Establishes social status ranking
○ Culture → patterns of human behavior
■ Language
■ Social groups
■ Religious groups
■ Communication
■ Shaped by values, beliefs, norms, and practices shared throughout
the same cultural group
○ Ethnicity
■ Ideas and practices based on ideas of commonality
■ Sense of belonging, pride, and motivation
■ Commonalities include language, history, nation/region of origin,
customs, ways of being, religion, names, physical appearance,
genealogy, and ancestry
● Cultural competency → honest desire to disregard personal biases and treat
every individual w/ respect; describe interventions to improve quality and access
to health care for minorities
○ Big element in removing health disparities
○ Make sure everyone in room understands what you are saying
■ Interpreter if needed
○ Always be aware of patients needs
○ p. 27
● Holistic nursing
○ Looking @ patient as a whole
○ Other things that make patient feel comfortable in an uncomfortable
situation
○ Careful about dietary supplements especially if taking other medications
● Primordial prevention
○ Policy - national, state, community level
○ Healthy school lunches
● Primary intervention
○ Specific prevention and health promotion/education
● Secondary intervention
, ○ Screening (ex: mammograms, skin check, pap smear)
○ Detection @ early stage
● Tertiary intervention
○ Rehabilitation, treatment of chronic illness
○ Getting back to baseline
● Gordon’s 11 patterns
○ Nutrition-metabolic
■ Fluid and food intake
■ Metabolic need
■ 24 hr recall
■ Objective indicators = mucous membranes, hair, over/underweight,
skin, dentition
○ cognitive - perceptual
■ 5 senses & pain
■ Assess cognitive through language, memory, decision making
■ Management
■ Piaget
○ Activity- exercise
■ How much activity, how much leisure time
○ Self-perception
■ Patient might not see an issue, so guide through process
■ Erickson
○ Health management
■ Erickson
■ How the patient views their own health and well-being
● Ex: homeless patient w/chronic illness
○ Work to get them housing - affordable
Chapter 9 - screening
● Organizations
○ US preventive services task force → guidelines for screening
■ Can recommend for or against
● PSA screening = not recommended
● Mammogram screening has changed throughout years
■ Be aware of changes in guidelines
○ Advantages = simplicity, application to groups & individuals, specific
screening (for 1 disease), and creates an opportunity for health education
○ Disadvantages = uncertainties in scientific evidence, effects of false
negatives/positives
Chapter 1 & 2
● Know difference between race, culture, ethnicity
○ Race sorts people into ethnic groups according to perceived behavior and
physical characteristics
■ Establishes social status ranking
○ Culture → patterns of human behavior
■ Language
■ Social groups
■ Religious groups
■ Communication
■ Shaped by values, beliefs, norms, and practices shared throughout
the same cultural group
○ Ethnicity
■ Ideas and practices based on ideas of commonality
■ Sense of belonging, pride, and motivation
■ Commonalities include language, history, nation/region of origin,
customs, ways of being, religion, names, physical appearance,
genealogy, and ancestry
● Cultural competency → honest desire to disregard personal biases and treat
every individual w/ respect; describe interventions to improve quality and access
to health care for minorities
○ Big element in removing health disparities
○ Make sure everyone in room understands what you are saying
■ Interpreter if needed
○ Always be aware of patients needs
○ p. 27
● Holistic nursing
○ Looking @ patient as a whole
○ Other things that make patient feel comfortable in an uncomfortable
situation
○ Careful about dietary supplements especially if taking other medications
● Primordial prevention
○ Policy - national, state, community level
○ Healthy school lunches
● Primary intervention
○ Specific prevention and health promotion/education
● Secondary intervention
, ○ Screening (ex: mammograms, skin check, pap smear)
○ Detection @ early stage
● Tertiary intervention
○ Rehabilitation, treatment of chronic illness
○ Getting back to baseline
● Gordon’s 11 patterns
○ Nutrition-metabolic
■ Fluid and food intake
■ Metabolic need
■ 24 hr recall
■ Objective indicators = mucous membranes, hair, over/underweight,
skin, dentition
○ cognitive - perceptual
■ 5 senses & pain
■ Assess cognitive through language, memory, decision making
■ Management
■ Piaget
○ Activity- exercise
■ How much activity, how much leisure time
○ Self-perception
■ Patient might not see an issue, so guide through process
■ Erickson
○ Health management
■ Erickson
■ How the patient views their own health and well-being
● Ex: homeless patient w/chronic illness
○ Work to get them housing - affordable
Chapter 9 - screening
● Organizations
○ US preventive services task force → guidelines for screening
■ Can recommend for or against
● PSA screening = not recommended
● Mammogram screening has changed throughout years
■ Be aware of changes in guidelines
○ Advantages = simplicity, application to groups & individuals, specific
screening (for 1 disease), and creates an opportunity for health education
○ Disadvantages = uncertainties in scientific evidence, effects of false
negatives/positives
