BIOL 373 Self-test
Unit 1 - correct answer ✔✔
What is physiology - correct answer ✔✔the science of the function of living systems
=> study of homeostatic mechanisms
Homeostasis - correct answer ✔✔maintenance of relatively stable internal environment around set
point
History of homeostasis (2 guys) - correct answer ✔✔1. Claude Bernard
2. Walter Cannon
Pathophysiology - correct answer ✔✔study of failure to compensate
Disease - correct answer ✔✔failure to compensate to internal/external changes
Compensation - correct answer ✔✔body tries to correct disturbed homeostasis
=> success = restored homeostasis
=> failure = illness
Local control - correct answer ✔✔restricted to tissue or cell involved
=> e.g. when [O2] in tissue decreases => cells lining small blood vessels in area notice change + respond
by secreting signal => signal molecule diffuses to muscles to relax + dilate blood vessel
Reflex control - correct answer ✔✔systemic changes throughout the body + any long-distance pathway
e.g. maintaining blood pressure to drive blood flow => bp is bodywide
, Response loop steps (7) - correct answer ✔✔stimulus, sensor, input signal, integrating center, output
signal, target, response
Feedback mechanisms (3) - correct answer ✔✔1. negative feedback
2. feedforward control
3. positive feedback
T/F chemical and electrical signals can be produced by all cells - correct answer ✔✔F.
Electrical signals => only nerve and muscle cells
Chemical signals => secreted in ECF => by ALL cells
Lipophobic molecule = ___ receptor
Lipophilic molecule = __ receptor - correct answer ✔✔lipophobic = surface receptor
lipophilic = intracellular receptor
T/F Lipophilic signal molecules produce rapid cellular repsonses - correct answer ✔✔F. Lipophilic signal
molecules => bind to cytosolic receptors => usually activates synthesis of new proteins = slow
Lipophobic signal molecules => bind surface receptors => usually GPCR => signal transduction = fast
Ways cells can change response to signals (increase or decrease) - correct answer ✔✔Increase:
=> increase expression of genes that codes for receptors => to increase # of receptor proteins
Decrease: internalize surface receptors
Change receptor sensitivity = phosphorylation
Unit 1 - correct answer ✔✔
What is physiology - correct answer ✔✔the science of the function of living systems
=> study of homeostatic mechanisms
Homeostasis - correct answer ✔✔maintenance of relatively stable internal environment around set
point
History of homeostasis (2 guys) - correct answer ✔✔1. Claude Bernard
2. Walter Cannon
Pathophysiology - correct answer ✔✔study of failure to compensate
Disease - correct answer ✔✔failure to compensate to internal/external changes
Compensation - correct answer ✔✔body tries to correct disturbed homeostasis
=> success = restored homeostasis
=> failure = illness
Local control - correct answer ✔✔restricted to tissue or cell involved
=> e.g. when [O2] in tissue decreases => cells lining small blood vessels in area notice change + respond
by secreting signal => signal molecule diffuses to muscles to relax + dilate blood vessel
Reflex control - correct answer ✔✔systemic changes throughout the body + any long-distance pathway
e.g. maintaining blood pressure to drive blood flow => bp is bodywide
, Response loop steps (7) - correct answer ✔✔stimulus, sensor, input signal, integrating center, output
signal, target, response
Feedback mechanisms (3) - correct answer ✔✔1. negative feedback
2. feedforward control
3. positive feedback
T/F chemical and electrical signals can be produced by all cells - correct answer ✔✔F.
Electrical signals => only nerve and muscle cells
Chemical signals => secreted in ECF => by ALL cells
Lipophobic molecule = ___ receptor
Lipophilic molecule = __ receptor - correct answer ✔✔lipophobic = surface receptor
lipophilic = intracellular receptor
T/F Lipophilic signal molecules produce rapid cellular repsonses - correct answer ✔✔F. Lipophilic signal
molecules => bind to cytosolic receptors => usually activates synthesis of new proteins = slow
Lipophobic signal molecules => bind surface receptors => usually GPCR => signal transduction = fast
Ways cells can change response to signals (increase or decrease) - correct answer ✔✔Increase:
=> increase expression of genes that codes for receptors => to increase # of receptor proteins
Decrease: internalize surface receptors
Change receptor sensitivity = phosphorylation
