AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
MarketWShareWLiabilityW-
WANSWERWAppliesWwhenWaWproductWthatWhasWharmedWaWconsumerWcannotWbeWtracedWtoWaWsingleWman
ufacturer.WTheyWareWliableWunlessWtheyWcanWproveWtheyWcouldWnotWhaveWmadeWtheWproductWinvolved.
AWDefenseWtoWFraudW-
WANSWERWTheWdefendantWmustWmakeWtheWrepresentationWwithWtheWintentWtoWinfluenceWtheWotherWpart
y'sWaction.WIfWtheWdefendantWdidWnotWintendWtoWdeceive,WthereWisWnoWproofWofWfraud.
CommunityWPropertyW-
WANSWERWUnderWtheWcommunityWpropertyWconceptWtwoWtypesWofWpropertyWcanWbelongWtoWaWspouseW-
WseparateWpropertyWasWwellWasWcommunityWproperty.WSeparateWpropertyWisWtheWrespectiveWspouse'sWsol
eWpropertyWandWitWisWfreeWfromWtheWotherWspouse'sWinterestWorWcontrol.
ParoleWEvidenceWRuleW(PER)W-
WANSWERWTheWparoleWevidenceWruleWprovidesWthatWoralWevidenceWofWagreementsWprecedingWorWaccom
panyingWaWwrittenWinsuranceWpolicyWcannotWbeWusedWtoWproveWaWwaiver.WThus,WtheWagent'sWoralWstatem
entsWmadeWatWthisWtimeWwouldWnotWbeWadmittedWintoWevidenceWandWthusWwouldWbeWineffectiveWasWaWw
aiver.
AWprovisionWthatWpreventsWtheWtermsWofWaWcontractWfromWbeingWmodifiedWbyWevidenceWofWoralWorWothe
rWagreementsWafterWtheWcontractWhasWbeenWwritten.
DefensesWtoWTortWFraudW-WANSWERWTheWstatementWwasWnotWfalse
TheWstatementWdidWnotWrelateWtoWaWmaterialWfactW
TheWdefendantWdidWnotWknowWtheWstatementWwasWfalse
TheWdefendantWdidWnotWintendWtoWdeceiveW
TheWplaintiffWdidWnotWrelyWonWtheWstatementsW
TheWplaintiffWsufferedWnoWharmWorWorWlossWbecauseWofWrelyingWonWtheWstatement
, AWConstructiveWEvictionW-
WANSWERWActionsWorWinactionsWofWaWlandlordWthatWcreateWconditionsWthatWpreventWaWtenantWfromWenjo
yingWaWsubstantialWorWintegralWpartWofWtheWpremiseWconstituteWaWconstructiveWeviction.
RepudiationWofWaWContractW-
WANSWERWrepudiationWofWaWcontractWisWtheWrefusalWtoWmeetWobligationsWunderWtheWcontract,WbutWitWm
ustWbeWpositiveWandWunequivocalWtoWconstituteWaWbreach.WAWstatementWofWinabilityWtoWperformWinWtheW
futureWisWnotWrepudiation.WAWpersonWcannotWsueWforWbreachWofWcontractWuntilWdueWdateWandWpersonWh
asWfailedWtoWcompleteWtheWjob.
FrustrationWofWPurposeW-
WANSWERWAWrentalWcontractWisWuselessWtoWaWpersonWsinceWtheWoriginalWpurposeWforWtheWrentalWwasWfru
stratedWbecauseWtheWcelebrityWwasWnotWthere.WFrustrationWofWpurposeWcanWdischargeWaWcontractWthatWi
sWpossibleWtoWperform,WwhenWaWsuperveningWeventWdestroysWtheWproposeWorWvalueWofWtheWcontract,Wpr
ovidedWthatWbothWpartiesWareWawareWofWthatWpurposeWorWvalue.
DirectWActionWStatutes
GarnishmentW-
WANSWERWThirdWpartiesWareWgenerallyWnotWallowedWtoWsueWinsurersWofWnegligentWpartiesWwhoWinjureWth
emWorWdamageWtheirWproperty.WSomeWstatesWhaveWenactedWdirectWactionWstatutesWpermittingWthirdWpar
tyWsueWinsurerWdirectlyWorWbothWinsurerWandWinsured/wrongdoer/tortfeasorWdirectlyW
IfWinsuredWdeniesWclaimWpaymentsWafterWjudgement,WsomeWstatesWallowWthirdWpartyWtoWsueWtheWinsurer
WdirectlyWinWaWstatutoryWactionWcalledWgarnishment.
ConsequentialWDamagesW-
WANSWERWTheWlossWofWtheWentryWfeeWmoneyWisWanWexampleWofWconsequentialWdamages.WConsequential
WdamagesWareWawardedWbyWcourtWtoWindemnifyWinjuredWpartiesWforWlossesWthatWresultWindirectlyWfromWa
Wwrong,WsuchWasWaWbreachWofWcontractWasWinWthisWsituation.
Enterprise/Industry-WideWLiability