Pharmacology 314 - Exam 1 Ventilation Questions With
Complete Solutions
a anticholinergic drug that inhibits the action of acetylcholine,
blocking stimulation of parasympathetic receptors, which results
in bronchodilation
relieves bronchoconstriction and reduces secretions in COPD
patients
beta2 adrenergic agonists enhance the bronchodilation of
inhaled anticholinergics
not a rescue drug
do not give to patients with a soy or peanut allergy
adverse effects: dry mouth, urinary retention, blurry vision,
constipation Correct Answers ipratropium
a beta2 adrenergic agonist that stimulates b2 adrenergic recepto
in the sympathetic nervous system
bronchodilation - fast relief of bronchospasm
monitor for tachycardia, heart palpations - avoid caffeine
adverse effects: tachycardia, heart palpations, tremors,
nervousness/excitement, chest pain (angina) Correct Answers
albuterol
a coating around certain medications that protects the stomach
can crush but loses the protection purpose of the coating
Correct Answers enteric coating (EC)
a decrease in functioning in either the liver and/or kidneys could
affect drug levels in the body
may experience more adverse and toxic effects of drugs more
easily if the provider does not adjust the dosage and/or
,frequency of the drug Correct Answers diminished drug
excretion
a glucocorticoid that prevents the release of leukotrienes,
prostaglandins, and histamine, decreasing inflammation and
edema in the airway
nasally (Flonase) or inhalant (Flovent)
do not use as a rescue but a preventer
effects of insulin and oral hypoglycemics are decreased
taper the dose slowly when symptoms are controlled to establish
the lowest dose possible, decreasing the possibility of
withdrawal
adverse effects inhalants: can cause oral candidiasis
adverse effects nasally: dry mucus membranes, epistaxis, and
sore throat
other adverse effects include bone demineralization,
hyperglycemia, and edema
after using an inhalant, rinse with water to avoid yeast infection
in mouth Correct Answers fluticasone
a H1 antagonist (sedating antihistamine) that binds to H1
receptors to block the release of histamine
treats mild allergic reactions, motion sickness, and insomnia
do not take with alcohol or other CNS depressants
do not give to newborns, children under two, or breastfeeding
women
monitor for urinary retention
adverse effects: dry mouth, constipation, dizziness,
drowsiness/tiredness, fatigue, headache, nausea Correct
Answers diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
, a leukotriene modifier (antagonist) that decreases inflammation
by preventing activation of leukotriene
adjunctive therapy to assist in decreasing bronchoconstriction
and inflammation when other anti-inflammatories are not able to
produce the desired effect
monitor liver function and observe for behavioral changes like
agitation, insomnia, anxiety, and irritability
adverse effects: suicdial ideations, neuropsychiatric effects
Correct Answers montelukast (Singulair)
a mast cell stabilizer that is an anti-inflammatory inhalant-type
drug that prevents the release of leukotrienes and histamine,
suppressing inflammation and edema in airways
NO BRONCHODILATION EFFECTS
minimal adverse drug reactions - cough or bronchospasm may
occur 1 out of 10000 pts
A preventer, taken second Correct Answers cromolyn
a medication given by mouth (PO)
the slowest absorption rate of all the routes Correct Answers
enteral administration
a methylxanthine that acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor
(inactivates cAMP)
relaxes smooth muscles of the bronchi, resulting in
bronchodilation
acts like caffeine and albuterol combined
be careful about administering this drug in patients who smoke,
drink caffeine, or have liver failure or CVD
caffeine increases the risk of toxicity; nicotine increases
metabolism
Complete Solutions
a anticholinergic drug that inhibits the action of acetylcholine,
blocking stimulation of parasympathetic receptors, which results
in bronchodilation
relieves bronchoconstriction and reduces secretions in COPD
patients
beta2 adrenergic agonists enhance the bronchodilation of
inhaled anticholinergics
not a rescue drug
do not give to patients with a soy or peanut allergy
adverse effects: dry mouth, urinary retention, blurry vision,
constipation Correct Answers ipratropium
a beta2 adrenergic agonist that stimulates b2 adrenergic recepto
in the sympathetic nervous system
bronchodilation - fast relief of bronchospasm
monitor for tachycardia, heart palpations - avoid caffeine
adverse effects: tachycardia, heart palpations, tremors,
nervousness/excitement, chest pain (angina) Correct Answers
albuterol
a coating around certain medications that protects the stomach
can crush but loses the protection purpose of the coating
Correct Answers enteric coating (EC)
a decrease in functioning in either the liver and/or kidneys could
affect drug levels in the body
may experience more adverse and toxic effects of drugs more
easily if the provider does not adjust the dosage and/or
,frequency of the drug Correct Answers diminished drug
excretion
a glucocorticoid that prevents the release of leukotrienes,
prostaglandins, and histamine, decreasing inflammation and
edema in the airway
nasally (Flonase) or inhalant (Flovent)
do not use as a rescue but a preventer
effects of insulin and oral hypoglycemics are decreased
taper the dose slowly when symptoms are controlled to establish
the lowest dose possible, decreasing the possibility of
withdrawal
adverse effects inhalants: can cause oral candidiasis
adverse effects nasally: dry mucus membranes, epistaxis, and
sore throat
other adverse effects include bone demineralization,
hyperglycemia, and edema
after using an inhalant, rinse with water to avoid yeast infection
in mouth Correct Answers fluticasone
a H1 antagonist (sedating antihistamine) that binds to H1
receptors to block the release of histamine
treats mild allergic reactions, motion sickness, and insomnia
do not take with alcohol or other CNS depressants
do not give to newborns, children under two, or breastfeeding
women
monitor for urinary retention
adverse effects: dry mouth, constipation, dizziness,
drowsiness/tiredness, fatigue, headache, nausea Correct
Answers diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
, a leukotriene modifier (antagonist) that decreases inflammation
by preventing activation of leukotriene
adjunctive therapy to assist in decreasing bronchoconstriction
and inflammation when other anti-inflammatories are not able to
produce the desired effect
monitor liver function and observe for behavioral changes like
agitation, insomnia, anxiety, and irritability
adverse effects: suicdial ideations, neuropsychiatric effects
Correct Answers montelukast (Singulair)
a mast cell stabilizer that is an anti-inflammatory inhalant-type
drug that prevents the release of leukotrienes and histamine,
suppressing inflammation and edema in airways
NO BRONCHODILATION EFFECTS
minimal adverse drug reactions - cough or bronchospasm may
occur 1 out of 10000 pts
A preventer, taken second Correct Answers cromolyn
a medication given by mouth (PO)
the slowest absorption rate of all the routes Correct Answers
enteral administration
a methylxanthine that acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor
(inactivates cAMP)
relaxes smooth muscles of the bronchi, resulting in
bronchodilation
acts like caffeine and albuterol combined
be careful about administering this drug in patients who smoke,
drink caffeine, or have liver failure or CVD
caffeine increases the risk of toxicity; nicotine increases
metabolism
