NUR 343 Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
absorption Correct Answers movement of drug from site of
administration into blood
acute vs. chronic disease Correct Answers short (appendicitis)
vs. long term (diabetes, sickle cell disease)
Administration Correct Answers medication errors; patient
adherence
adverse drug reactions (ADRs) Correct Answers any noxious,
unintended, and undesired effect that occurs at normal drug
doses
adverse effects Correct Answers undesired effects a medication
has the potential to produce
adverse interactions Correct Answers interaction that occurs
when a patient takes 2+ medications, causing increase intensity
of adverse effect and decreased therapeutic effect.
agonists Correct Answers when drugs bind to receptors and
mimic the actions of the body's own regulatory molecules (ex.
insulin that we administer mimics actions of endogenous insulin
at receptors)
allergic reaction Correct Answers immune response;
anaphalaxis
amount absorbed Correct Answers intensity
,* if little absorbed, therapeutic affect will be less intense (and
vice versa)
antagonists Correct Answers drugs that produces its effect by
preventing the activation of a receptor
apotosis Correct Answers programmed cell death; a controlled
process in normal development throughout lifespan (embryonic-
old age)
determines size, patterning, and function of many tissues
atrophy Correct Answers decrease or shrinkage in cell size
-physiologic (normal): skeletal muscle, heart, brain
-pathologic (abnormal): decrease in workload
blood-brain barrier (BBB) Correct Answers tight junctions
between cells of the capillaries in the CNS-prevents drug
passage. in order to leave the blood and reach the brain, drug
must be able to pass through the cells (so either need to be lipid
soluble or have transport system to cross BBB)
*infants more sensitive to meds that act on brain
carcinogenic effect Correct Answers some meds increase risk
of cancer
Caseous Correct Answers usually due to mycobacterial
infection of lungs and other tissues with incomplete hydrolase
activity leaving a partially liquefied material sometimes
described as "cheesy."
causes of medication errors Correct Answers human factors
, communication
name confusion
packaging
formulations
delivery devices
labeling and reference materials
cellular adaptation Correct Answers to escape from injury;
protect themselves from environment
chemical injury Correct Answers interaction with something
thats toxic; increased permeability of cell. (ex. lead, mercury)
clinical manifestations Correct Answers evidence that disease
is present
clinical manifestations of somatic death Correct Answers -
cessation of respiration and circulation
-gradual lowering of body temperature
-pupil dialation
-loss of elasticity & transparency in skin
-skin discoloration (livor mortis)
-muscle stiffening (rigor mortis)
-putrefaction (decomposition) ~ 24-48 hrs after death
clinical pharmacology Correct Answers study of drugs in
humans
clinical significance of drug interactions Correct Answers the
risk of serious drug interaction is proportional to the number of
drugs that the patient is taking
absorption Correct Answers movement of drug from site of
administration into blood
acute vs. chronic disease Correct Answers short (appendicitis)
vs. long term (diabetes, sickle cell disease)
Administration Correct Answers medication errors; patient
adherence
adverse drug reactions (ADRs) Correct Answers any noxious,
unintended, and undesired effect that occurs at normal drug
doses
adverse effects Correct Answers undesired effects a medication
has the potential to produce
adverse interactions Correct Answers interaction that occurs
when a patient takes 2+ medications, causing increase intensity
of adverse effect and decreased therapeutic effect.
agonists Correct Answers when drugs bind to receptors and
mimic the actions of the body's own regulatory molecules (ex.
insulin that we administer mimics actions of endogenous insulin
at receptors)
allergic reaction Correct Answers immune response;
anaphalaxis
amount absorbed Correct Answers intensity
,* if little absorbed, therapeutic affect will be less intense (and
vice versa)
antagonists Correct Answers drugs that produces its effect by
preventing the activation of a receptor
apotosis Correct Answers programmed cell death; a controlled
process in normal development throughout lifespan (embryonic-
old age)
determines size, patterning, and function of many tissues
atrophy Correct Answers decrease or shrinkage in cell size
-physiologic (normal): skeletal muscle, heart, brain
-pathologic (abnormal): decrease in workload
blood-brain barrier (BBB) Correct Answers tight junctions
between cells of the capillaries in the CNS-prevents drug
passage. in order to leave the blood and reach the brain, drug
must be able to pass through the cells (so either need to be lipid
soluble or have transport system to cross BBB)
*infants more sensitive to meds that act on brain
carcinogenic effect Correct Answers some meds increase risk
of cancer
Caseous Correct Answers usually due to mycobacterial
infection of lungs and other tissues with incomplete hydrolase
activity leaving a partially liquefied material sometimes
described as "cheesy."
causes of medication errors Correct Answers human factors
, communication
name confusion
packaging
formulations
delivery devices
labeling and reference materials
cellular adaptation Correct Answers to escape from injury;
protect themselves from environment
chemical injury Correct Answers interaction with something
thats toxic; increased permeability of cell. (ex. lead, mercury)
clinical manifestations Correct Answers evidence that disease
is present
clinical manifestations of somatic death Correct Answers -
cessation of respiration and circulation
-gradual lowering of body temperature
-pupil dialation
-loss of elasticity & transparency in skin
-skin discoloration (livor mortis)
-muscle stiffening (rigor mortis)
-putrefaction (decomposition) ~ 24-48 hrs after death
clinical pharmacology Correct Answers study of drugs in
humans
clinical significance of drug interactions Correct Answers the
risk of serious drug interaction is proportional to the number of
drugs that the patient is taking
