Cyber Security Interview Questions 100% Correct

Cyber Security Interview Questions 100% Correct What is cybersecurity? Cybersecurity refers to the protection of hardware, software, and data from attackers. The primary purpose of cyber security is to protect against cyberattacks like accessing, changing, or destroying sensitive information. What are the elements of cybersecurity? Major elements of cybersecurity are: Information security Network security Operational security Application security End-user education Business continuity planning What are the advantages of cyber security? It protects the business against ransomware, malware, social engineering, and phishing. It protects end-users. It gives good protection for both data as well as networks. Increase recovery time after a breach. Cybersecurity prevents unauthorized users. Define Cryptography. It is a technique used to protect information from third parties called adversaries. Cryptography allows the sender and recipient of a message to read its details. Differentiate between IDS and IPS. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) detects intrusions. The administrator has to be careful while preventing the intrusion. In the Intrusion Prevention System (IPS), the system finds the intrusion and prevent it. What is CIA? Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) is a popular model which is designed to develop a security policy. CIA model consists of three concepts : Confidentiality: Ensure the sensitive data is accessed only by an authorized user. Integrity: Integrity means the information is in the right format. Availability: Ensure the data and resources are available for users who need them. What is a Firewall? It is a security system designed for the network. A firewall is set on the boundaries of any system or network which monitors and controls network traffic. Firewalls are mostly used to protect the system or network from malware, worms, and viruses. Firewalls can also prevent content filtering and remote access. Explain Traceroute It is a tool that shows the packet path. It lists all the points that the packet passes through. Traceroute is used mostly when the packet does not reach the destination. Traceroute is used to check where the connection breaks or stops or to identify the failure. Differentiate between HIDS and NIDS. HIDS is used to detect the intrusions. It monitors suspicious system activities and traffic of a specific device. NIDS is used for the network. It monitors the traffic of all device on the network. Explain SSL SSL stands for Secure Sockets Layer. It is a technology creating encrypted connections between a web server and a web browser. It is used to protect the information in online transactions and digital payments to maintain data privacy. What do you mean by data leakage? Data leakage is an unauthorized transfer of data to the outside world. Data leakage occurs via email, optical media, laptops, and USB keys. Explain the brute force attack. How to prevent it? It is a trial-and-error method to find out the right password or PIN. Hackers repetitively try all the combinations of credentials. In many cases, brute force attacks are automated where the software automatically works to login with credentials. There are ways to prevent Brute Force attacks. They are: Setting password length. Increase password complexity. Set limit on login failures. What is port scanning? It is the technique for identifying open ports and service available on a specific host. Hackers use port scanning technique to find information for malicious purposes. Name the different layers of the OSI model. Seven different layers of OSI models are as follows: Physical Layer Data Link Layer Network Layer Transport Layer Session Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer What is a VPN? VPN stands for Virtual Private Network. It is a network connection method for creating an encrypted and safe connection. This method protects data from interference, snooping, censorship. What are black hat hackers? Black hat hackers are people who have a good knowledge of breaching network security. These hackers can generate malware for personal financial gain or other malicious reasons. They break into a secure network to modify, steal, or destroy data so that the network can not be used by authorized network users. What are white hat hackers? White hat hackers or security specialist are specialized in penetration testing. They protect the information system of an organization. What are grey hat hackers? Grey hat hackers are computer hacker who sometimes violate ethical standards, but they do not have malicious intent. How to reset a password-protected BIOS configuration? There are various ways to reset BIOS password. Some of them are as follows: Remove CMOS battery. By utilizing the software. By utilizing a motherboard jumper. By utilizing MS-DOS. What is MITM attack? A MITM or Man-in-the-Middle is a type of attack where an attacker intercepts communication between two persons. The main intention of MITM is to access confidential information. Define ARP and its working process. It is a protocol used for finding MAC address associated with IPv4 address. This protocol work as an interface between the OSI network and OSI link layer. Explain botnet. It's a number of internet-connected devices like servers, mobile devices, IoT devices, and PCs that are infected and controlled by malware. What is the main difference between SSL and TLS? The main difference between these two is that SSL verifies the identity of the sender. SSL helps you to track the person you are communicating to. TLS offers a secure channel between two clients. What is the abbreviation of CSRF? CSRF stands for Cross-Site Request Forgery. What is 2FA? How to implement it for a public website? TFA stands for Two Factor Authentication. It is a security process to identify the person who is accessing an online account. The user is granted access only after presenting evidence to the authentication device. Explain the difference between asymmetric and symmetric encryption. Symmetric encryption requires the same key for encryption and decryption. On the other hand, asymmetric encryption needs different keys for encryption and decryption. What is the full form of XSS? XSS stands for cross-site scripting. Explain WAF WAF stands for Web Application Firewall. WAF is used to protect the application by filtering and monitoring incoming and outgoing traffic between web application and the internet. What is hacking? Hacking is a process of finding weakness in computer or private networks to exploit its weaknesses and gain access. For example, using password cracking technique to gain access to a system. Who are hackers? A Hacker is a person who finds and exploits the weakness in computer systems, smartphones, tablets, or networks to gain access. Hackers are well experienced computer programmers with knowledge of computer security. What is network sniffing? Network sniffing is a tool used for analyzing data packets sent over a network. This can be done by the specialized software program or hardware equipment. Sniffing can be used to: Capture sensitive data such as password. Eavesdrop on chat messages Monitor data package over a network What is the importance of DNS monitoring? Yong domains are easily infected with malicious software. You need to use DNS monitoring tools to identify malware. Define the process of salting. What is the use of salting? Salting is that process to extend the length of passwords by using special characters. To use salting, it is very important to know the entire mechanism of salting. The use of salting is to safeguard passwords. It also prevents attackers testing known words across the system. For example, Hash("QxLUF1bgIAdeQX") is added to each and every password to protect your password. It is called as salt. What is SSH? SSH stands for Secure Socket Shell or Secure Shell. It is a utility suite that provides system administrators secure way to access the data on a network. Is SSL protocol enough for network security? SSL verifies the sender's identity, but it does not provide security once the data is transferred to the server. It is good to use server-side encryption and hashing to protect the server against a data breach. What is black box testing and white box testing? Black box testing: It is a software testing method in which the internal structure or program code is hidden. White box testing: A software testing method in which internal structure or program is known by tester. Explain vulnerabilities in network security. Vulnerabilities refer to the weak point in software code which can be exploited by a threat actor. They are most commonly found in an application like SaaS (Software as a service) software. Explain TCP Three-way handshake. It is a process used in a network to make a connection between a local host and server. This method requires the client and server to negotiate synchronization and acknowledgment packets before starting communication. Define the term residual risk. What are three ways to deal with risk? It is a threat that balances risk exposure after finding and eliminating threats. Three ways to deal with risk are: Reduce it Avoid it Accept it. Define Exfiltration. Data exfiltration refers to the unauthorized transfer of data from a computer system. This transmission may be manual and carried out by anyone having physical access to a computer. What is exploit in network security? An exploit is a method utilized by hackers to access data in an unauthorized way. It is incorporated into malware. What do you mean by penetration testing? It is the process of checking exploitable vulnerabilities on the target. In web security, it is used to augment the web application firewall. List out some of the common cyber-attack. Following are the common cyber-attacks which can be used by hackers to damage network: Malware Phishing Password attacks DDoS Man in the middle Drive-by downloads Malvertising Rogue software How to make the user authentication process more secure? In order to authenticate users, they have to provide their identity. The ID and Key can be used to confirm the user's identity. This is an ideal way how the system should authorize the user. Explain the concept of cross-site scripting. Cross-site scripting refers to a network security vulnerability in which malicious scripts are injected into websites. This attack occurs when attackers allow an untrusted source to inject code into a web application. Name the protocol that broadcast the information across all the devices. Internet Group Management Protocol or IGMP is a communication protocol that is used in game or video streaming. It facilitates routers and other communication devices to send packets. How to protect email messages? Use cipher algorithm to protect email, credit card information, and corporate data. What are the risks associated with public Wi-Fi? Public Wi-Fi has many security issues. Wi-Fi attacks include karma attack, sniffing, war-driving, brute force attack, etc. Public Wi-Fi may identify data that is passed through a network device like emails, browsing history, passwords, and credit card data. What is Data Encryption? Why it is important in network security? Data encryption is a technique in which the sender converts the message into a code. It allows only authorized user to gain access. Explain the main difference between Diffie-Hellman and RSA. Diffie-Hellman is a protocol used while exchanging key between two parties while RSA is an algorithm that works on the basis two keys called private and public key. What is a remote desktop protocol? Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is developed by Microsoft, which provides GUI to connect two devices over a network. The user uses RDP client software to serve this purpose while other device must run RDP server software. This protocol is specifically designed for remote management and to access virtual PCs, applications, and terminal server. Define Forward Secrecy. Forward Secrecy is a security measure that ensures the integrity of unique session key in event that long term key is compromised. Explain the concept of IV in encryption. IV stands for the initial vector is an arbitrary number that is used to ensures that identical text encrypted to different ciphertexts. Encryption program uses this number only once per session. Explain the difference between stream cipher and block cipher. Stream Cipher Stream cipher operates on small plaintext units It requires less code. Key is used only once. Application used- Secure Socket layer. Usage- Stream cipher is used to implement hardware. Block Cipher Block cipher works on large data blocks. It requires more code. Reuse of key is possible. File encryption and database. Block cipher is used to implement software. Following are some examples of symmetric encryption RCx Blowfish Rijndael (AES) DES What is the abbreviation of ECB and CBC? The full form of ECB is Electronic Codebook, and the full form of CBC is Cipher Block Chaining. Explain a buffer overflow attack. Buffer overflow attack is an attack that takes advantage of a process that attempts to write more data to a fixed-length memory block. Define Spyware. Spyware is a malware that aims to steal data about the organization or person. This malware can damage the organization's computer system. What is impersonation? It is a mechanism of assigning the user account to an unknown user. What do you mean by SRM? SRM stands for Security Reference Monitor provides routines for computer drivers to grant access rights to object.