Criminology Today An Integrative Introduction 10th Edition

Demographics - ans- The characteristics of population groups, usually expressed in statistical fashion Poly victimization - ans- Multiple victimizations of different kinds, such as sexual abuse, physical abuse, bullying, and exposure to family violence. Revictimization - ans- Multiple episodes of the same kind of victimization. Secondary victimization - ans- Social injuries that occur, not as a direct result of a criminal act, but through the response of social institutions and individuals to the victim. Secondary victims - ans- Persons not directly affected by a criminal event, but who suffer unintended consequences of the victimization of others to whom they are close, such as family members, friends, co-workers, and neighbors. Victimology - ans- The scientific study of crime victims and the victimization process. Victimology is a subfield of criminology. victimologist - ans- One who studies victims and the process of criminal victimization. Victimogenesis - ans- The contributory background of a victim as a result of which he or she becomes prone to criminal victimization Victim precipitation - ans- Any contribution made by the victim to the criminal event, especially one that led to its initiation. Victim proneness - ans- An individual's likelihood of victimization. Lifestyle theory - ans- A perspective that holds that an individual's lifestyle contributes significantly to the likelihood of his or her criminal victimization. Also known as lifestyle exposure theory. Lifestyle - ans- A style of life, or the way a person lives. Elder abuse - ans- Intentional actions that cause harm or create a serious risk of harm to a vulnerable elder by a caregiver or other person who stands in a trust relationship to the elder; or failure by a caregiver to satisfy the elder's basic needs or to protect the elder from harm