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Pmcol 200 Exam Study Guide
The three regions of kidney - answer✔Zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis
Zona Glomerulosa - answer✔Mineralocorticoids, SALT, aldosterone
zona fasciculata - answer✔glucocorticoids, SUGAR, cortisol
Zona reticularis - answer✔Androgens, SEX, DHEA
HPA Axis - answer✔Controls cortisol release from zona fasciculata
ACTH stimulates cortisol synthesis
Cortisol negative feedback loop - answer✔CRH come from hypothalamus
ACTH comes from ant. pit.
Supress signals like cytokines involved in stress response
Target tissue: Glucocorticoid tissues
How steroid hormones bind - answer✔Bind receptor in cell, dimerize, goes into nucleus to
influence gene transcription
Glucocorticoid receptor - answer✔Activated by cortisol
Drugs: Dexamethasone, Prednisone
Mineralocorticoid receptor - answer✔High affinity for cortisol and aldosterone
Drugs: Fludocortisone
How are tissues targeted for specificity? - answer✔GC tissues express higher 11Beta-
hydroxysteroid dehyd. type I, activate cortisol
Cortisol activation - answer✔Activated GC or MC
- Kidney cells can express 11B-dehydroxy type II. they can activate and inactivate cortisol
Sone -> sol - answer✔Type I
Sol -> sone - answer✔Type II
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RAAS System - answer✔Angiotensinogen --(Renin)--> Angiotensin I --(ACE)--> Angiotensin
II -> 2 branches that overall increase B.P
Anti-inflammatory effects of GC's - answer✔- Inhibit Arachidonic acid generation by PL2
(inhibit it's cleavage)
- Induce lipocortin expression
- Suppress COX-2 present in cells
Lipocortins/Annexins - answer✔- Proteins w/ anti-inflammatory role
- Suppress PL A2 activity
- Direct effect on leukocytes
- Inhibits tissue infiltration
- Activated by GC receptor
Metabolic effects of GC's - answer✔- Carbohydrate metabolism, increased free glucose
(increased insulin)
- Inhibits uptake of glucose into adipose tissues (fat deposition)
- Breaks down protein in muscle (loss of mass in limbs)
In adipose tissue - answer✔F.A's coming out and no glucose going in
In liver - answer✔A.A's going in (muscle breakdown) and glucose coming out (increase in free
glucose)
Addison's Disease - answer✔- Chronic adrenocortical problems
- Low production of MC's and GC's
- Fatigue, skin discoloration, salt and sugar imbalances
*Kennedy*
Cushing's - answer✔- Overgeneration of adrenocorticosteroids
- Adrenal and/or pituitary tumors
- Drug caused (GC's)
- Round face, hump on back, Fat belly, Osteoporosis
What are immunosuppresants used for? - answer✔Rejection in transplants, graft vs host
disease, auto-immune diseases (e.g Lupus)
Pmcol 200 Exam Study Guide
The three regions of kidney - answer✔Zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis
Zona Glomerulosa - answer✔Mineralocorticoids, SALT, aldosterone
zona fasciculata - answer✔glucocorticoids, SUGAR, cortisol
Zona reticularis - answer✔Androgens, SEX, DHEA
HPA Axis - answer✔Controls cortisol release from zona fasciculata
ACTH stimulates cortisol synthesis
Cortisol negative feedback loop - answer✔CRH come from hypothalamus
ACTH comes from ant. pit.
Supress signals like cytokines involved in stress response
Target tissue: Glucocorticoid tissues
How steroid hormones bind - answer✔Bind receptor in cell, dimerize, goes into nucleus to
influence gene transcription
Glucocorticoid receptor - answer✔Activated by cortisol
Drugs: Dexamethasone, Prednisone
Mineralocorticoid receptor - answer✔High affinity for cortisol and aldosterone
Drugs: Fludocortisone
How are tissues targeted for specificity? - answer✔GC tissues express higher 11Beta-
hydroxysteroid dehyd. type I, activate cortisol
Cortisol activation - answer✔Activated GC or MC
- Kidney cells can express 11B-dehydroxy type II. they can activate and inactivate cortisol
Sone -> sol - answer✔Type I
Sol -> sone - answer✔Type II
, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
RAAS System - answer✔Angiotensinogen --(Renin)--> Angiotensin I --(ACE)--> Angiotensin
II -> 2 branches that overall increase B.P
Anti-inflammatory effects of GC's - answer✔- Inhibit Arachidonic acid generation by PL2
(inhibit it's cleavage)
- Induce lipocortin expression
- Suppress COX-2 present in cells
Lipocortins/Annexins - answer✔- Proteins w/ anti-inflammatory role
- Suppress PL A2 activity
- Direct effect on leukocytes
- Inhibits tissue infiltration
- Activated by GC receptor
Metabolic effects of GC's - answer✔- Carbohydrate metabolism, increased free glucose
(increased insulin)
- Inhibits uptake of glucose into adipose tissues (fat deposition)
- Breaks down protein in muscle (loss of mass in limbs)
In adipose tissue - answer✔F.A's coming out and no glucose going in
In liver - answer✔A.A's going in (muscle breakdown) and glucose coming out (increase in free
glucose)
Addison's Disease - answer✔- Chronic adrenocortical problems
- Low production of MC's and GC's
- Fatigue, skin discoloration, salt and sugar imbalances
*Kennedy*
Cushing's - answer✔- Overgeneration of adrenocorticosteroids
- Adrenal and/or pituitary tumors
- Drug caused (GC's)
- Round face, hump on back, Fat belly, Osteoporosis
What are immunosuppresants used for? - answer✔Rejection in transplants, graft vs host
disease, auto-immune diseases (e.g Lupus)
