Orthopedic Test review Surgical
Technology Exam Q’s and A’s (This is for
the Orthopedic test for the Surgical
Technology class at Carolinas College of
Health Science)
Fracture classifications - -Open and closed
-Causes of fractures - -trauma and pathological
-types of fractures - -know what each are
Greenstick/stress: barely fractured
Potts: @ fibula near ankle
Colles: Fall on outsretched hand (FOOSH)
Compound: penetrates skin
Comminuted: more than 2 pieces of bone fragments
Transverse: horizontal fracture
Oblique: angled across cortices
Spiral: curves around bone
Impacted: end of bones forced into each other
-External Fixation - -outside of skin; bone anchoring devices, cast, skeletal
tractions, splints
-Internal Fixation - -inside of skin; rods on bone, screws, plates, nails
-basic steps of instruments used in an ORIF procedure. - -Drill, Measure
(depth guage), insert screw
-Procedure steps ORIF - -Open incision
Reduction of fracture
Internal Fixation
-casting - -handle with palms
luke warm water
not too tight
cast is removed before entering OR
-bones are repaired by a closed intramedullary nail - -femur, humerus, and
tibia
, -steps in a closed intramedullary nail surgery - -Incision, AWL to create hole
in bone, reaming, then insert nail
-anatomical landmarks and where - -Trochanter: head of femur
Medial malleolus: tibia distal end
Lateral malleolus: fibula.
Olecranon: elbow (ulna)
Condyles: femur
Epicondyles: above condyles
-bone graft site - -iliac crest (pg. 451-452 alexander's)
-instruments used to retrieve bone - -lambotte osteotomes, mallet,
ronguers, currettes, russian pickups
-5 stages of bone healing - -Inflammation- bleeding, fibrin meshwork
Cellular Proliferation- osteoblast invade fibrin meshwork
Callus Formation- granulation, cartilage developes semigrid
Ossification- 2-3wks after injury, last 3mths, osteoblast calcify
Remodeling- new CT cells; osteoblast of periosteum
PG 453 Alexanders
-complications to fracture healing - -Delayed Union: doesn't heal w/in avg
time
Malunion: doesn't heal correctly (deformed)
Nonunion: doesn't heal together
-complications of fractures - -Fat embolism
Thrombophebitis
Nerve compression
Compartment syndrome
Infection
-Intertrochanteric fracture of the hip - -Internal fixation; unite w/out
difficulty; occurs in older pts (pg. 473-475 Alexander)
-Femoral neck fracture of hip - -cannulated screw; reduction is necessary
before internal fixation of femoral neck b/c of high incidence of complications
-Femoral Head fracture - -prosthesis; unipolar vs bipolar
-knee ligaments - -To stabilize the knee
Cruciate: anterior/posterior
Collateral: medial/lateral
-How are meniscus tears fixed? - -meniscectomy
Technology Exam Q’s and A’s (This is for
the Orthopedic test for the Surgical
Technology class at Carolinas College of
Health Science)
Fracture classifications - -Open and closed
-Causes of fractures - -trauma and pathological
-types of fractures - -know what each are
Greenstick/stress: barely fractured
Potts: @ fibula near ankle
Colles: Fall on outsretched hand (FOOSH)
Compound: penetrates skin
Comminuted: more than 2 pieces of bone fragments
Transverse: horizontal fracture
Oblique: angled across cortices
Spiral: curves around bone
Impacted: end of bones forced into each other
-External Fixation - -outside of skin; bone anchoring devices, cast, skeletal
tractions, splints
-Internal Fixation - -inside of skin; rods on bone, screws, plates, nails
-basic steps of instruments used in an ORIF procedure. - -Drill, Measure
(depth guage), insert screw
-Procedure steps ORIF - -Open incision
Reduction of fracture
Internal Fixation
-casting - -handle with palms
luke warm water
not too tight
cast is removed before entering OR
-bones are repaired by a closed intramedullary nail - -femur, humerus, and
tibia
, -steps in a closed intramedullary nail surgery - -Incision, AWL to create hole
in bone, reaming, then insert nail
-anatomical landmarks and where - -Trochanter: head of femur
Medial malleolus: tibia distal end
Lateral malleolus: fibula.
Olecranon: elbow (ulna)
Condyles: femur
Epicondyles: above condyles
-bone graft site - -iliac crest (pg. 451-452 alexander's)
-instruments used to retrieve bone - -lambotte osteotomes, mallet,
ronguers, currettes, russian pickups
-5 stages of bone healing - -Inflammation- bleeding, fibrin meshwork
Cellular Proliferation- osteoblast invade fibrin meshwork
Callus Formation- granulation, cartilage developes semigrid
Ossification- 2-3wks after injury, last 3mths, osteoblast calcify
Remodeling- new CT cells; osteoblast of periosteum
PG 453 Alexanders
-complications to fracture healing - -Delayed Union: doesn't heal w/in avg
time
Malunion: doesn't heal correctly (deformed)
Nonunion: doesn't heal together
-complications of fractures - -Fat embolism
Thrombophebitis
Nerve compression
Compartment syndrome
Infection
-Intertrochanteric fracture of the hip - -Internal fixation; unite w/out
difficulty; occurs in older pts (pg. 473-475 Alexander)
-Femoral neck fracture of hip - -cannulated screw; reduction is necessary
before internal fixation of femoral neck b/c of high incidence of complications
-Femoral Head fracture - -prosthesis; unipolar vs bipolar
-knee ligaments - -To stabilize the knee
Cruciate: anterior/posterior
Collateral: medial/lateral
-How are meniscus tears fixed? - -meniscectomy
