PLS EXAM 2
1. What does the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment say? According to the Supreme Court,
to what entities does it apply? Based on what part of the Constitution can the government prevent
discrimination in fully private settings? - correct answer ✔✔The 14th amendment applies to everyone in
the US, and it states they are entitled to the fair and equal protection of the law; the supreme courts
says the 14th amendment applies to the federal government private activities that are federally funded.
Commerce clause is the part of the Constitution the government can prevent discrimination in fully
private settings.
ADA - correct answer ✔✔American with Disabilities Act
What does the ADA prohibit? What does it require? To whom does it apply? What do disability activists
think about the ADA? - correct answer ✔✔It prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities
in all areas of public life.
The ADA requires accommodation in areas (access ramps, close captioning, reasonable modifications or
adjustments to work or school environments).
The ADA applies to private employers with more than 15 employees, state and local government, and
any private entity considered a public space.
Material: access to employment, education, and health services
Non- material: empowerment, dignity, and autonomy
What was Camp Jened? - correct answer ✔✔a parent fully funded hippie summer camp in upstate NY
for youth with disabilities
What was its role in contemporary civil rights disability activism? - correct answer ✔✔Jenedies were a
key force behind important legislation in the 1970s and 1990s.
, 504 Sit-in - correct answer ✔✔a 25-day sit-in in Department of Health federal offices across ten large
cities and the occupation of a government building in DC. Successfully pressured to create standard rules
to interpret and enforce the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
Capitol Crawl - correct answer ✔✔a week-long lobbying campaign. Hundreds of people with disabilities
(including children under 10) gathered on the steps of the capitol building in DC, tossed aside their aids,
and crawled up the steps of the Capitol (congress's building).
Which of the two (504 Sit- in or Capitol Crawl) was crucial to the passage of the ADA? - correct answer
✔✔It succeeded at pressuring the congress to pass the ADA.
What did the Supreme Court rule in Parc vs Pennsylvania? - correct answer ✔✔the state can't exclude
children with intellectual disabilities form public education.
How are the US and Canada similar and different concerning disability rights law? - correct answer
✔✔Similar: the US and Canada were the first countries to adopt more comprehensive equality anti-
discrimination laws between 1970s and 1990s.
Different: Canada has specific disability anti-discrimination provisions in their constitutions and the US
does not.
What did the Supreme Court rule in Loving vs Virginia? - correct answer ✔✔The ruling was one to five
years in jail.
How did the Lovings manage to move the case from the state to the federal level? - correct answer
✔✔They managed to move the case from the state to the federal level by suing Virginia on the grounds
that their conviction violated the 14th Amendment -- which is that marriage is a fundamental right.
DOMA Act - correct answer ✔✔Defense of Marriage Act
Before US vs Windsor, what did the DOMA Act follow? How did the Windsor case change things? -
correct answer ✔✔Before: allowed states to reject the legality of same sex marriages granted under the
laws of other states (creates an exception to the full faith and credit clause)
1. What does the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment say? According to the Supreme Court,
to what entities does it apply? Based on what part of the Constitution can the government prevent
discrimination in fully private settings? - correct answer ✔✔The 14th amendment applies to everyone in
the US, and it states they are entitled to the fair and equal protection of the law; the supreme courts
says the 14th amendment applies to the federal government private activities that are federally funded.
Commerce clause is the part of the Constitution the government can prevent discrimination in fully
private settings.
ADA - correct answer ✔✔American with Disabilities Act
What does the ADA prohibit? What does it require? To whom does it apply? What do disability activists
think about the ADA? - correct answer ✔✔It prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities
in all areas of public life.
The ADA requires accommodation in areas (access ramps, close captioning, reasonable modifications or
adjustments to work or school environments).
The ADA applies to private employers with more than 15 employees, state and local government, and
any private entity considered a public space.
Material: access to employment, education, and health services
Non- material: empowerment, dignity, and autonomy
What was Camp Jened? - correct answer ✔✔a parent fully funded hippie summer camp in upstate NY
for youth with disabilities
What was its role in contemporary civil rights disability activism? - correct answer ✔✔Jenedies were a
key force behind important legislation in the 1970s and 1990s.
, 504 Sit-in - correct answer ✔✔a 25-day sit-in in Department of Health federal offices across ten large
cities and the occupation of a government building in DC. Successfully pressured to create standard rules
to interpret and enforce the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
Capitol Crawl - correct answer ✔✔a week-long lobbying campaign. Hundreds of people with disabilities
(including children under 10) gathered on the steps of the capitol building in DC, tossed aside their aids,
and crawled up the steps of the Capitol (congress's building).
Which of the two (504 Sit- in or Capitol Crawl) was crucial to the passage of the ADA? - correct answer
✔✔It succeeded at pressuring the congress to pass the ADA.
What did the Supreme Court rule in Parc vs Pennsylvania? - correct answer ✔✔the state can't exclude
children with intellectual disabilities form public education.
How are the US and Canada similar and different concerning disability rights law? - correct answer
✔✔Similar: the US and Canada were the first countries to adopt more comprehensive equality anti-
discrimination laws between 1970s and 1990s.
Different: Canada has specific disability anti-discrimination provisions in their constitutions and the US
does not.
What did the Supreme Court rule in Loving vs Virginia? - correct answer ✔✔The ruling was one to five
years in jail.
How did the Lovings manage to move the case from the state to the federal level? - correct answer
✔✔They managed to move the case from the state to the federal level by suing Virginia on the grounds
that their conviction violated the 14th Amendment -- which is that marriage is a fundamental right.
DOMA Act - correct answer ✔✔Defense of Marriage Act
Before US vs Windsor, what did the DOMA Act follow? How did the Windsor case change things? -
correct answer ✔✔Before: allowed states to reject the legality of same sex marriages granted under the
laws of other states (creates an exception to the full faith and credit clause)
